... We evaluated elk foraging site selection during spring across 4 years and 59,040 ha [hectare] of foothill and mountain rangeland in northwestern Wyoming and west-central Montana ...  Our results indicate that resource managers can use targeted cattle grazing in summer − early fall to purposely modify elk forage conditions to 1) increase elk foraging efficiency in spring, 2) lure elk away from places needing rest or deferment from spring elk grazing, or 3) lure elk away from places where elk in spring are experiencing conflicts with humans, predators, or other wildlife....