Deer Management News This Week

CA Rules to Save Bees From Spooky Pesticides Need More Work October 27, 2020 California, Natural Resources Defense Council
... restrictions to protect bees, birds, fish, and water supplies from neurotoxic neonicotinoid insecticides (AKA, “neonics”) ... massive losses of honey bees threatening food security and agricultural economies, dramatic collapses of bird (see here and here) and fish populations, birth defects in white-tailed deer, and soil and water contamination from coast to coast...

... Southwest Colorado deer hunters must now bring their harvested animal heads to sampling stations to be tested for ... chronic wasting disease.  Precautionary testing is critical in helping Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) monitor the spread ...

Why we hunt | Wildlife Matters October 27, 2020 Colorado, Colorado Springs Gazette
... After nearly being extirpated from Colorado in the early 1900s, mule deer populations have rebounded to over 400,000.  Elk populations, bolstered by introductions from Wyoming, now stand over 280,000 — more than any other state in the U.S..,

... The Alaska Department of Fish and Game’s estimate of the wolf population last year is 316. But that number doesn’t factor in the 165 wolves reported taken last winter ... Wolves are targeted because they prey on the island’s deer. But critics say commercial logging on Prince of Wales Island destroyed deer habitat impacting the herds...

3 new CWD-positive deer hunt areas identified October 26, 2020 Wyoming, County 10
... Deer Hunt Area 142, just north of Big Piney, is the sixth positive area West of the Continental Divide. Deer Hunt Area 117 is southwest of Cody, and Deer Hunt area 96 is northwest of Bairoil. All three hunt areas are adjacent to existing CWD positive areas...

... The use of bait, including grain or other feed placed or scattered to attract deer or turkey, while hunting is illegal. The regulations are in place to help limit the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and to ensure fair chase...

Ohio in peak season for deer-related crashes October 26, 2020 The News-Herald
... According to the Ohio Highway Patrol, 46 percent of last year’s dee-related crashes took place in October, November and December. In total, there were 19,375 deer-related crashes on Ohio’s roadways in 2019 ...

Forty percent of the deer-vehicle collisions in North Dakota occur between mid-October and late December. - October 26, 2020, North Dakota Fish and Game


Fall wildlife foods are less abundant October 26, 2020 Vermont, VTDigger
... beechnut counts are very low, following 2019 when the numbers were some of the highest recorded since 1998 ... wild apples and berries are also less abundant than last year, but that in most areas of the state biologists report that acorns are more abundant than most other fall wildlife foods ...

Another worry for deer hunters: Contaminated game October 26, 2020 Michigan, Escanaba Daily Press
... A “Do Not Eat” advisory from the state Department of Natural Resources and Department of Health and Human Services is in effect for deer killed within 5 miles of Clark’s Marsh in Iosco County’s Oscoda Township. High levels of PFAS [ perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances] have been found in the groundwater there... may damage the immune system ...

... Aerial surveys weren't able to get a good count because the corn fields provided good cover for the animals... Landowners in western North Dakota reported cases of epizootic hemorrhagic disease, more commonly known as EHD... refunds to about 9,000 license holders in 12 different units...

Drivers should watch for deer on roads October 24, 2020 South Carolina, The Gazette
... South Carolina’s deer population peaked in the late 1990’s, as did the number of deer-vehicle collisions. Since the year 2000, however, the estimated statewide deer population has decreased approximately 30% with the decline believed to be a combination of changes in habitat, high antlerless deer harvests and coyote predation on deer fawns...

... “Prescribed burns are important for the continued survival of local species such as the federally endangered Key deer ... The burns can help prevent or reduce the threats of wildfires by reducing the available “fuel.” ...

Acorns crucial for wildlife survival in winter October 23, 2020 Georgia, Atlanta Journal Constitution
... The health and abundance of wildlife — especially bear, deer and turkey — often rise and fall with acorn availability ... acorns are the most preferred white-tailed deer food during the cold months, composing half or more of the animals' diet. When acorns are plentiful, deer may eat little else ...

... The 2021 deer initiative is focused on improving winter habitat conditions for white-tailed deer that occur within the northern limits of their range — Aroostook and Washington counties.   During harsh winters in northern Maine, deer must find mature forested habitat to survive...

... The Idaho Fish & Game moved 16 elk out of Elmore County because the herd is too large, and the elk are damaging agriculture in the region... The goal was to remove 70 elk ...

Chronic Wasting Disease, Hunters asked to help keep Ohio's deer healthy October 22, 2020 Ohio, WFMJ
... To help protect Ohio's deer herd from CWD, hunters should properly dispose of their deer carcasses by double-bagging all high-risk parts (brain, spinal cord, eyes, and lymphoid tissue) ... To minimize the risk of spreading CWD, hunters planning to hunt outside of Ohio are reminded to follow carcass regulations prior to returning...

Growing number of Montana deer test positive for CWD October 22, 2020 Montana, Great Falls Tribune
... The symptoms of the disease include subtle behavioral changes such as lethargy and the loss of a fear of humans... animals lose weight and became emaciated... It is believed that the most common vector for the spread of CWD is animal to animal contact; nose-to-nose touching, males fighting during the rut, transmission during breeding, and animal contact with infected blood, feces and urine...

...  it’s his mission to bring back the former animal theme park so families can make new memories at the place he said put Coloma ... “It’s Deer Forest so you got to have the deer and we’d like to have an array of farm animals...

... Hunters say the wolf population is healthy and blame the predator for keeping down the deer herds. Another view is that deer habitat has been lost to commercial clear cuts, especially on Prince of Wales... officials refused this week to share their numbers with a regional council tasked with advising subsistence hunting and trapping on federal land...

Have you ever wondered what triggers the deer rut in North Dakota? Find out in this week's North Dakota Outdoors webcast with Big Game Biologist Bill Jensen. - October 22, 2020 North Dakota


New Rules Could Better Protect Colorado's Wildlife From Energy Development October 21, 2020 Coloardo, The Pew Charitable Trusts
... (S.B. 19-181) overhauled the mission of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC)—which approves drilling permits and regulates the oil and gas industry—by directing it to safeguard wildlife and its habitat against the potential negative impacts of development...

... 19,375 deer-related crashes were reported on Ohio roadways in 2019, according to the stats from the Ohio State Highway Patrol (OSHP).  Almost half, 46%, of those crashes happened in October, November, and December ...

Wildlife facing food shortage for coming winter October 21, 2020 New York, MPNnow.com
... near total lack of acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts and many fruits such as apples and pears this fall...  The combination of snow and bitter cold temperatures in April and May ... Everything from deer to field mice will suffer ... many of the fawns will not make it through the coming winter. They simply will not survive the lack of food ..,

... Game and Fish officials said the elk was killed between the evening of Sept. 15 and the morning of Sept. 17 southeast of Pinedale, which is in northeastern Arizona.   The elk's antlers were removed and the meat was left to waste...

State presents analysis of deer estimates October 21, 2020 Massachusetts, Wicked Local Brewster
... using eight transects in Nickerson State Park the model suggested there were 41 deer per square mile, with a probably range between 21 and 61, with 95 percent confidence. That was based on finding 64 pellets...

Researchers Find Lead Contamination in Shotgun-Harvested Deer October 21, 2020 Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan University
... nearly half of ground venison packets from shotgun-harvested deer may contain metal fragments –– including lead –– potentially leading to adverse health effects for humans and wildlife... published in the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ...

'Deer jacking' ruling could change Vermont game warden searches October 21, 2020 Berkshire Eagle
... "The Fourth Amendment hardly tolerates the sort of meandering search that took place here," said the Monday statement written by Supreme Court Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch, who was joined by justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan. "The wardens violated the Constitution, and the warrant they received premised on the fruits of their unlawful search was thus tainted."...

... By agreeing not to subdivide and develop the ranch, the Hunewills are preserving a critical migration route and securing habitat for a variety of wide-ranging wildlife such as sage-grouse, black bear, American badger, and mule deer...

Deer, elk gun opener is finally here! October 21, 2020 Montana, Mineral Independent
... The most severe winter in recent history was in 1996-97. Our deer and elk herds took a big hit that winter. White-tailed deer and elk recovered but in many places in western Montana, mule deer still haven’t bounced back to the same population levels they were at before then..,

Chronic Wasting Disease is an always-fatal neurological disease found in members of the deer family. It has been in North America for several decades but was first detected in Montana in November 2017. Montana wildlife biologists have a goal of keeping the disease below 5 percent prevalence, and this year are implementing new carcass disposal rules to work to prevent further human-caused spread. Join Quentin Kujala, Chief of Staff, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and Emily Almberg, FWP Wildlife Biologist along with Nick Gevock, Conservation Director for Montana Wildlife Federation to talk about how hunters can do our part in this fight. - October 20, 2020 Montana


...  the three-year elk release from 2012 to 2014. The elk were brought in from Kentucky to restart Virginia's program. The recorded number went from 75 to now, an estimated 300... “The number of people who come to see that after just a few years that it’s been done is pretty amazing," ..,

18 deer test positive for chronic wasting disease October 20, 2020 Montana, Billings Gazette
... The positive deer all come from areas where CWD was previously known to exist ... All but two of the deer were killed by hunters during the archery season...

Controversial Deer Hunt Returns to Philly This Weekend October 20, 2020 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Mag
...Heinz Wildlife Refuge deputy manager Mariana Bergerson explains ...the 1,000 acre refuge contains about 74 deer per square mile, while studies have concluded that somewhere between 20 and 38 deer per square mile would be ideal for maintaining a healthy ecosystem...

... CWD, which was first discovered in Utah in 2002 ...  this year, we are seeing that they’re eating well,” Root said on Monday. “And even though it’s been a drought, some of these deer have pretty good fat content.” ...

... Data from the study provides support for both the predator shield and ecological trap hypotheses, according to the researchers. At certain times and locations within the wildland-urban interface, there is simply too much artificial light and/or human activity for cougars, creating a protective shield for deer... cougars are able to successfully hunt within the wildland-urban interface by carefully selecting the darkest spots on the landscape to make their kill ...

Public ownership of Texas’ white-tailed deer re-affirmed October 19, 2020 Houston Chronicle
... The Texas Supreme Court recently denied review of an appeal in the case of Bailey & Peterson v. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, affirming that the state’s white-tailed deer herd, including those held by breeders, are owned by the public...

... The game wardens suspected Clyde Bovat of unlawfully hunting a deer at night, an offense Vermonters call "deer jacking." Without a search warrant, they entered his private land  ... The Vermont Supreme Court said the officers acted properly ... [three U.S. Supreme Court said the search was unlawful, but the full court did not take the case to overturn the state's verdict] ...

... Michigan had a total of total 55,531 accidents involving deer in 2019, up 4% from 53,464 in 2018 and 50,949 in 2017... Michigan Car Crashes with Deer by County     Crashes by City ...

Deer-friendly digestible paper bags developed in Japan October 19, 2020 mainichi.jp
... Wild deer at Nara Park in western Japan, a major tourist attraction, have often suffered from eating plastic bags discarded by visitors, but local companies have now succeeded in developing paper bags that the animals can digest...

Shelter Island, Lack of 4-posters and closed hunting sites pose deer problem October 18, 2020 New York, Shelter Island Reporter
... With the units gone and the flyover canceled Dr. Bevilacqua and Animal Control Officer Beau Payne told their committee colleagues it is impossible to measure culling efforts without a reliable estimate of the deer population...

30 plead guilty so far in vast poaching case October 18, 2020 Nebraska, Omaha.com
... More than 100 people from states like New York, Wisconsin, Virginia and Utah paid $2,500 to $7,000 to take aim at big bucks ...  using bait, spotlights at night and other illegal tactics to guarantee their success...

Road to Berlaimont will be disastrous for deer, elk October 18, 2020 Alaska, Vail Daily News
... As career wildlife officers ... we observed decision upon decision placing recreation and development interests above wildlife needs. The recent Berlaimont draft decision is a prime example of the pro-development culture of the White River National Forest...

Outlook improves for October antlerless-deer hunt October 17, 2020 West Virginia, Charleston Gazette-Mail
... Of all the oak species, only red/black oak and scarlet oak acorns are relatively abundant. White oak, chestnut oak and scrub oak are far less abundant.  The lack of oak mast — particularly white oak — should concentrate deer in areas of relative abundance, or drive them to hunters’ corn feeders...

Missouri's first elk hunting season begins Saturday October 17, 2020 KY3
...Elk are a native species in Missouri but were hunted to extinction in the state through unregulated hunting during the late 1800s. With the help of numerous partners and supporters, MDC reintroduced about 100 elk to a remote area of the Missouri Ozarks from 2011-2013...

 Cape Girardeau, Several options for a Cape urban deer hunt October 17, 2020 Missouri, Southeast Missourian
... By a 53.7% to 46.3% tally, voters exercised the referendum option seven years ago to strike down a particular City Council ordinance passed by a 4-3 vote in July 2012.  The April 2013 plebiscite, the first-ever voter invalidation of a city ordinance, rolled back the council's 2012 decision to permit a controlled archery deer hunt within city limits..,

Missouri lifts mandatory CWD testing in deer October 17, 2020 News-Press Now
... the 71 CWD sampling stations located throughout the zone will remain open. The department encourages hunters to have their deer sampled for CWD on the day of harvest.... Social distancing will be practiced by conservation department staff ...

Lake Superior caribou may be gone from mainland October 16, 2020 Minnesota, Duluth News Tribune
... Lake Superior’s last surviving wild caribou appear to be thriving on their new island homes, free from the constant menace of wolves, for now ... Caribou were common all around Lake Superior — including Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan — before European settlement...

... Nearly four years after illegally shooting a mule deer for its antlers and leaving the carcass to rot in rural Nevada, a Utah man has pleaded guilty in Lincoln County to unlawful possession of big game and wasting the edible portions of a deer...

... The resolution cites the economic impact of the proposal and requests that the DEC delay the the proposal to allow for alternative proposals that would result in “minimal disruption to businesses, landowners, hunters and the snowmobile community.” ...

Tennessee elk: a comeback success October 15, Wilson Post
... Tennessee’s last wild elk was killed in 1865 in Obion County ... a visionary elk-stocking program launched some two decades ago ...Despite some early setbacks by predation and poaching, the imported elk thrived ..,

UP Habitat Workgroup returns reinvigorated October 15, 2020 Michigan, DNR News
... During the early part of the last decade, a period of three consecutive severe U.P. winters, coupled with a subsequent decline in deer numbers, heightened concerns about habitat conditions in deer wintering complexes, especially winter shelter...
... U.S. Highway 97 runs for nearly 670 miles through national forests, lava fields, and farmed valleys ... wildlife-vehicle collisions kill hundreds of animals each year ...  purpose-built wildlife crossings and fencing can solve this problem, and California, Oregon, and Washington have each built or are considering such features along some of the most dangerous segments of U.S. 97...

Deer on southeastern MN deer farm tests positive for CWD October 15, 2020 Minnesota, Bring Me The News
... The board says the Houston County deer farm, which is located in an established CWD endemic area, added a double fence to its enclosure in 2017. In the past five years, the farm has only imported animals from two Minnesota herds and has only exported animals to one place in Wisconsin...

... Money earmarked by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service will fund three projects in the state, according to a department news release. A total of $2.8 million will be distributed between Minnesota and 16 other states dealing with chronic wasting disease, or CWD...

How Likely Are Deer Collisions In North Carolina? October 15, 2019 North Carolina, YAHOO!
...  Drivers in North Carolina have a one in 75 chance of colliding with an animal on the road.  Sixty-seven percent of the more than 1.96 million animal collisions from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020, involved deer ...

Highland Heights enters into agreement with USDA for culling up to 100 deer, infrared count October 15, 2020 Ohio, Cleveland.com
... City Council unanimously approved Tuesday (Oct. 13) legislation that will allow for an infrared deer count and culling in the coming months... an infrared count nearly a year ago and found that there were approximately 286 deer in Highland Heights, for an extremely high average of 55 per square mile...

Iowa Legalizes Use of Dogs For Deer Recovery October 14, 2020 North American Whitetail Magazine
... Following the lead of 38 other states, Iowa now will allow the use of dogs in recovering deer...

AAA: Watch out for deer. Now is the peak time for road kills in CT.  October 13, 2020 Connecticut, New Haven Register
... from the UConn Crash Data repository found that most-deer related crashes in 2019 occurred during the months of October, November and December... 75 percent of deer-related crashes occurred outside daylight hours, with 6 to 8 p.m. as the most common time ...

Out-of-State Hunters Arrested for Multiple Violations October 13, 2020 Texas, County 17
... taking a deer without a license and one count of wasting or abandoning big game ...

An isolated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population shows unexpected heterozygosity on St. John, US Virgin Islands  S Nelson, S Taylor, A McKinley, J Reuter - Authorea Preprints, 2020
...  The island population was founded by a small number of animals, has very limited hunting or predation, and recently experienced a reduction in size following an extended drought in 2015... Heterozygosity was similar to the other studies (0.54) with little evidence of inbreeding. To explain the level of heterogygosity and lack of inbreeding within the St. John population, three hypotheses are proposed, including the effect of intrinsic biological traits within the population, a recent infusion of highly heterogeneous loci from North American populations, and a consistent level of immigration from a nearby island. ...

DeWitt, Funding for deer culling program cut October 13, 2020 New York, Eagle News Online
... The town has been notified that there will be no funding from Onondaga County for its deer control program, which costs about $35,000... “There’s an active group that tries to … disrupt the effectiveness of the deer control,” ...

Michigan DNR sees increase in hunting amid pandemic October 12, 2020 Michigan, The Detroit News
... A renewed interest in hunting has dramatically increased since March when the coronavirus pandemic hit ... the DNR has issued 751,310 deer hunting licenses, compared to 584,802 licenses issued in 2019 ...

...  The new study focuses on a lighting system for the car that illuminates a larger portion of the vehicle’s front surface .. researchers noted a big difference: the number of dangerous interactions fell from 35% to 10%.  “The deer were perhaps better able to see the vehicle rather than being blinded by the lights,”...

2020 Acorn Report: Can You Believe It's Normal?!  October 13, 2020, Virginia, EIN News
... surveys revealed that both white and red oak acorn crops were close to the long-term median in 2020...  throughout the mountains were extremely low for white oak ... Red oak production was consistently above average in the mountains ...

... If 2020 turns out to be like 2019, hunters will take more than 370,000 deer this fall... the state’s estimated 1.7 million deer population.  Deer licenses sold:  1,371,835 in 2014; 1,351,817 in 2015; 1,320,879 in 2016; 1,312,286 in 2017; 1,298,664 in 2018; 1,238,679 in 2019...




The 2020 Deer Hunting Season Forecast August 12, 2020 Outdoor Life
Searching the internet to find and conserve deer information

Deer in the News

Rare white deer spotted in Raleigh near Beltline October 26, 2020 North
Carolina, WTVD
...  there are two genetic mutations that could cause a deer to be completely white: piebaldism and albinism. Piebald deer can vary from a few white splotches to being completely white with dark eyes. Albino deer are always white, but have red or pink eyes...

...  a deer that had been shot with an arrow.  The wounds were too severe to save the animal, which had to be put down... An arrow protrudes from both sides of the torso of a deer ...

White-tailed buck found headless in Wagoner County October 23, 2020 Oklahoma, KOKH – Oklahoma City
... The Oklahoma Game Wardens are asking for the public's assistance ... the deer had gunshot wounds and was believed to be killed between Wednesday night and Thursday morning...

...  the deer died of natural causes while fighting or sparring.  Bucks spar as part of a breeding strategy to determine strength and resolve, and it usually lasts only a short while before one of the deer withdraws ...

Here are just a few of the better Oregon bucks that I have been lucky enough to film in the last several years - October 22, 2020 Oregon.


Deer, and the Island's attempts to control them October 21, 2020 New York, Shelter Island Reporter
... White-tailed deer are native to Shelter Island ... European settlers cleared large parts of Long Island for farming, the kind of human activity that increases the deer population ... When Francis “Borax King” Smith ...created an estate on Shelter Island in the late 1890s, one of the amenities was a private deer park, which he populated with 40 western black-tailed mule deer ...

U.S. Coast Guard members rescued a deer from the middle of a body of water in Alaska - October 19, 2020


Lower Merion Police Rescue Deer Stuck In Fence October 13, 2020 Pennsylvania, Patch
...  they broke out bolt cutters to snap away one of the metal fence posts.  And with one clip of the cutters the deer was free...


Missouri drivers warned to watch out for deer on the road October 11, 2020 Springfield (MO) KYTV
... last year, there were 4,320 crashes in which deer-vehicle strikes occurred. In the state ... deer mating season is at its peak right now, running through mid- to late-November...

Man Rescues Deer from Fence - October 11, 2020


Animal strikes spike in fall in Virginia  October 6, 2020 Augusta Free Press
... According to 2019 crash data provided by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles, 6,523 crashes involved deer collisions, with the majority (53%) of incidents (3,477) happening in the last three months of the year.  Virginia saw an 11% increase in deer crashes and a 16% increase in injuries compared to 2018...

18 minutes of deer video - October 9, 2020


... the possibility of encountering escaped pen-raised deer this season due to damage from Hurricane Laura and other storms this year... include fallow, axis, sika and white-tailed deer, elk, red deer and other exotic hoof stock...

... At the Critter Creek Farm Sanctuary in Gainesville, Florida ... a young deer, named Pala, was shot and killed by a youngster apparently just looking for something to shoot... it is thought Pala’s mother may have died and as a fawn, she arrived at the farm ...

Police chase loose deer through Brooklyn for two hours September 30, 2020 New York, UPI.com
... Police said the animal had likely swam to Brooklyn from Staten Island ... The deer was taken to a forest preserve on Staten Island and released...

... Dudzinski posted a video on his Facebook
page showing a young deer wandering onto the course and walking right up to Nolff as she was setting up her final shot of the day at the Oakland County course...


..  together they wrestled the deer to the ground and stabilized it, then they cut the net away from the antlers....

... The caller said the deer could barely move, and was accompanied by two fawns.  The nearly-lifeless doe had a wire fence wrapped around her neck and her front legs, and was unable to feed her babies.  Officers tranquilized the deer, and after she was asleep, they freed her...

It was the Arizona Game and Fish Department to the rescue after a deer got trapped in some fencing in Flagstaff - September 23, 2020 Arizona


These two gentle Mule Deer arrived for an early drink at the Bison Watering Hole. - September 21, 2020


Can We Set Poor Bambi Free? - September 19, 2020


Montoursville's new resident, an albino deer, has a unique history September 6, 2020 Pennsylvania, NorthCentralPA.com
... Native American tribes believed white deer were sacred and viewed them as spiritual symbols. A Chickasaw legend, “Ghost of the White Deer,” describes the creature as magical. The Seneca, Roanoke, Algonquin, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke tribes all relate sightings of the Great White Deer... In 2012, the killing of an albino stag sparked uproar in Leland, WI...



... Police said the fawns were tired but happy, you can hear them let out a “deer cheer” of appreciation after being rescued. [video in story] ...

Elk Cam Goes Live September 2, 2020 Pennsylvania, PGC News
... The livestream, which is provided by HDOnTap and made possible with the help of the North Central Pennsylvania Regional Planning and Development Commission, is the latest in a string of real-time wildlife-watching opportunities offered by the Game Commission...

... "The fire was moving toward the house," ... He's too young to fully take care of himself even without a fire... he was dehydrated and that he had messed himself," Dawn says. The last part was another clear sign that he'd been left, since mother deer usually clean their babies ...


... What if this is a birth defect? It appeared to some that this doe's face was actually two faces, and that the extremely rare phenomenon known as diprosopus ... the doe's body looks filled out and colorful, meaning she seems to be eating and drinking properly...

A three-legged deer named Rudie is lighting up the lives of humans and animals with his kind, carefree spirit, and adorable antics. That’s despite his rough introduction to this world. When he was just two days old, he found with a badly severed leg and rushed to a veterinary hospital. That leg couldn’t be saved, and, suddenly, living a life in the wild was no longer an option. Instead, he went to live with a veterinary technician and the many animals she’d previously rescued. - August 20, 2020


People caught trying to feed moose pizza in Colorado August 18, 2020 OutThere Colorado
... Jefferson County Open Space Ranger Ben Stanley took to Twitter "... Please don’t approach wildlife for any reason, moose can be extremely dangerous. Save the pizza for the Rangers ..."


Purchases made using links to Amazon generate a commission for this site, but
your information is not tracked until you make a purchase and only by Amazon.