International Deer News
Embedded Files
Deer kingdom vanishes, Monpura loses its iconic herd February 9, 205 Bangladesh Jagonews24
... Locals attribute the alarming drop in deer numbers to increased hunting and habitat loss... river erosion and deforestation have reduced the deer's natural habitats ...Tourists visiting Monpura expressed disappointment over the absence of deer...
A century of human-deer coexistence, conflict in Japan's Nara January 12, 2025 MSN
... Even more than the area's famed temples, the free-roaming deer in the park are popular with tourists... Post-war, the status of the deer has been evolving from "shinroku" holiness to being seen as one of Nara's resources. In 1957, they were designated as a national Natural Monument ... the deer now number some 1,300...
Officials celebrate birth of incredibly rare creature that paves the way for critical studies: 'Offers hope of saving them' December 30, 2024 Argentina, Yahoo
... a tiny pudu deer ... was born in Argentina ... there are only about 10,000 of them left... threatened after the introduction of new predators like wild dogs to their native ecosystems...
NGO calls for urgent action on hog deer December 25, 2024 Cambodia, Khmer Times
... The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Cambodia is rallying partners to save the hog deer from extinction... They were believed extinct in Cambodia until the discovery of the populations in the provinces of Kratie in 2006 and Koh Kong in 2008... less than 100 of the endangered animals remain ...
Translocation of deer comes to a halt in PTR December 25, 2024 India, The Pioneer
... The Palamu tiger reserve could bring in only 147 deer. The translocation of the remaining 122 hangs in limbo... Now for remaining 122 deer we are to wait for the permission from the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) of India again ...
Rare pudu birth in Argentina sparks conservation hopes for tiny enigmatic deer November 26, 2024 Reuters on MSN
... Weighing just 1.21 kg (2.7 lbs) ... Pudus are one of the smallest deer species in the world, growing up to 50-cm (20-inches) tall and weighing up to 12 kg (26.5 lbs)... Only about 10,000 pudus remain and are classified as near-threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)...
Wildlife Spotlight: Saving South America's Most Distinguished Deer October 27, 2024 Chile, Forbes
... the huemul. Also known as the South Andean deer, this elusive animal is prominently featured in the Chilean national coat of arms ... teetered on the brink of extinction just a few years ago ... due to rampant overhunting ... the Huilo Huilo Foundation acted as a crucial catalyst for conservation efforts ...
Deer population under debate in Kurzeme region October 14, 2024 Latvia, Reliable news from Latvia
... Estimated data published by the State Forest Service (VMD) show that for 2024/2025 there were around 68,000 red deer in Latvia ... the majority of the public more or less does not support a larger amount of red deer hunting in order to reduce damage to agriculture...
Animal considered extinct decades ago reappears in Chile in historic moment August 23, 2024 Daily Express US on MSN
... The South Andean deer was thought to be on its last legs as a species after illegal hunting and climate change led to a sudden decline. But a young male huemul has been located in southern Chile...
Facing threat globally, mouse deer population up 80-fold in Telangana August 18, 2024 India on MSN, Indiatimes
... conservation efforts began with just six mouse deer, and their numbers have grown to 500 in the past 14 years through a meticulous breeding programme... across the globe, where the species is facing an imminent threat of being wiped out ...
Poaching of deer triggers massive protests in Barmer August 12, 2024 India, Indiatimes
... Carcasses of 10 chinkara deer were found in a mutilated state, their legs tied with ropes ... Villagers and wildlife lovers gathered at the site on Monday, setting up tents and staging a protest to demand the arrest of the poachers ...
Increased tourist numbers in Nara Park are affecting size of its deer population July 22, 2024 Japan Today
... the star attraction of Nara Park is the deer ... Over the two days, the team visually confirmed 1,325 deer, 92 more than they spotted in 2023. In terms of deer demographic distribution, the foundation counted 313 stags, 798 does, and 214 fawns ...
Messengers of the gods: Nara’s ‘sacred’ deer at a conservation crossroads May 22, 2024 Japan, Mongabay
... the same researchers who revealed the sacred deer’s genetic distinction have discovered the protected deer are venturing outside the sanctuary and breeding with outside populations. They worry that “ordinary” deer may soon enter the protected area, potentially bringing infectious diseases with them...
First yellow deer born in natural habitat May 22, 2024 Iran, Tehran Times
... Almost half a century ago, it was thought that the yellow deer species was extinct in the world. However, about 50 years ago, four yellow deer were observed in Dez and Karkheh forests. They were released in different regions of Iran for better reproduction...
Classical BSE dismissed as the cause of CWD in Norwegian red deer despite strain similarities between both prion agents 2024 Veterinary Research
... The first case of CWD in a Norwegian red deer ... the red deer glycoprofile was different from the Norwegian CWD reindeer and CWD moose and from North American CWD ... These results suggest that the Norwegian CWD red deer case was infected with a previously unknown CWD type ...
Personalideer: A comprehensive review of personality studies in cervids - European Journal of Personality, 2024
... animals, just like humans, have unique personalities ... The few studies investigating deer personality mainly focus on three of the over fifty species and only account for a few personality traits. We believe that a deeper understanding of deer personality could help understand deer biology, improve management strategies, and shed light on important aspects of the personality of other species ...
Ireland was once home to deer with massive 12-foot antlers March 16, 2024 Popular Science
... the extinct giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus), more commonly known as the Irish elk... at about 6.5 feet tall and weighing upwards of 1,500 pounds, the males boasted antlers over 12 feet wide. By comparison, modern elk have antlers that are about four feet across ...
Protected deer found at lower altitudes, report says March 11, 2024 Taiwan, The Taipei Times
... Efforts to restore wildlife populations are bearing fruit, with photographs taken from trail cameras confirming the presence of Formosan sambar deer at lower altitudes at Taroko National Park in eastern Taiwan...
Horses, camels and deer get a bad rap for razing plants – but our new research shows they’re no worse than native animals February 1, 2024 Australia, The Conversation
... new research in Science ... both native and introduced species of plant-eating megafauna (weighing over 45 kilos) have similar impacts on plants... For the last 35-55 million years, megafauna have shaped Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems...
Foresters start relocating deer from crowded Cuttack park to Chandaka rescue centre January 2, 2024 India, The New Indian Express
... Since the deer were in captivity in the city, they will have to be acquainted with the forest environment. They are expected to be released in Chandaka forest in five to six months ...
Researchers prove human influence on large herbivore diets during Anthropocene December 27, 2023 Phys.org
... As humans reshaped the land for agriculture, industry, and habitation, these large herbivores altered their diets in a bid for survival... including species such as elephants and deer that are sensitive to habitat changes ... "Our findings are a testament to the incredible adaptability of these herbivores...
Yellow deer in southern protected area up by 30% December 26, 2023 Iran, Tehran Times
... In the latest census, 95 yellow deer were identified in the region, showing an increase of 30 percent year on year, IRNA reported...
Tame deer named Bartek fatally shot by hunter in Polish town, sparking outrage December 20, 2023 Poland, PolskieRadio
... The case has particularly appalled the community, as Bartek was a well-known and tame deer, fed and cared for by residents for years. "Killing a tame, gentle animal was probably not difficult," ...
Endangered Sangai Deer Population Declining in Manipur Park: WII November 27, 2023 India, Indian Masterminds
... The brow-antlered deer, also known as the Sangai, is a unique and uncommon species found only in Manipur’s Keibul Lamjao National Park ... “The mean estimated population, which stood at 90 individuals in 2006, dropped to 76 in 2019, and in the latest estimate, it has dwindled further to 64 in 2023...
'Mascot' deer shot dead by hunter October 23, 2023 Italy, MSN
... A deer called Bamobotto or 'Big Bambi' that was the mascot of a northern Italian village has been shot dead by a hunter in an incident that has spurred local indignation and sorrow ... It had become a TV star on the Linea Bianca programme and was wont to come up to house windows to be stroked and fed ...
Critically endangered deer caught on camera in crucial Cambodia wildlife hotspot September 26, 2023 Fauna and Flora International
... A new camera-trap biodiversity survey in Cambodia’s Virachey National Park has helped pinpoint the most crucial habitat conservation areas for the critically endangered large-antlered muntjac ...
Concerns that Ireland's plan for deer will lead to 'inhumane' recommendations August 29, 2023 TheJournal.ie
... The Irish Deer Commission said it fears the forum will soon propose the hunting of female deer with dependent calves earlier in the shooting season, thereby leading to the risk of an “inhumane death due to starvation” facing young deer...
Bhopal: Near-extinct Barasinghas Are Now Thriving In Central India August 28, 2023 India, The Free Press Journal
... In 1970, only 66 swamp deer (Barasinghas) were left in Kanha Tiger Reserve but their number now stands at 1000, thanks to a massive conservation plan ...
Chinese Startup Develops World’s First Cultivated Deer Antler Stem Cell Line, Aims to File for Approval in 2024 August 22, 2023 China, greenqueen
... “Given the high value and popularity of deer antlers, which are often sold at tens of thousands of yuan per kilogram or more, we already have a cost advantage.” ...
Moni, the paradise Saronic island where the deer eat out of your hands August 19, 2023 Greece, Greek City Times
... Moni used to host a campsite, but now it has evolved into a wild animal sanctuary, handed over to peacocks, wild goats and deer, and visitors are not allowed to spend the night...
Heavily Wounded Female Deer Makes Miracle Recovery In Thane, Released Into Wild July 23, 2023 India.com
... covered with wounds, along with a fracture on her right forelimb. The wounds were a result of suspected dog bites and the fracture was caused due to a possible collision... a minor surgery was performed ...
Pere David's Deer July 7, 2023 Colorado,
Montrose Daily Press
... The last known deer in the wild was shot in 1939 near the Yellow Sea. The Pere David’s deer was officially declared extinct... A few of the escaped animals had been taken illegally to Europe to be put on show in zoos. After the remaining population in China had gone, the remaining 18 deer in Europe were taken to Woburn Abbey, England and bred to save the species...
Deer industry shrinks by 20,000 hinds for the second year in a row June 21, 2023 New Zealand, Stuff.co.nz
... There are now 40,000 fewer hinds on New Zealand farms as numbers have dropped for two years in a row. There are about 800,000 farmed deer in New Zealand...
Adventurous young moose swims to one of most remote islands in Finland June 15, 2023 Charlotte Observer
... The moose came from the direction of Kökar island, about 19 miles northwest of Utö island, Tenovuo said. In between these islands are several uninhabited islands where the moose could have stopped on its way...
‘They could disappear overnight’: rare Italian deer make long journey to survival May 30, 2023 Italy, The Guardian
... The 20 animals in the crates are some of the 300 remaining Italian or Mesola red deer ... the last indigenous red deer of the Italian peninsula. It once thrived in the interconnected forests that covered the country’s north, but centuries of hunting and habitat destruction almost eradicated it...
Iran's support for red deer pays off, new calf born May 29, 2023 en.irna
... The birth of a red deer in Ghorogh Forest Park, in Gorgan, in northeast Iran, has raised hopes that efforts meant to protect the rare species, which is under threat due to habitat destruction and overhunting, have paid off...
Costa Rica Wildlife – Meet the Red Brocket Deer May 10, 2023 The Tico Times
... The red brocket deer is one of a handful of brocket deer species found in the Americas, but the only one found in Costa Rica... live in thick tropical forests ... their diet consists of a lot of fruits and seeds with hard casings or toxins because those are the ones that the monkeys toss aside ...
Video Below: This corner of Lebanon is home to hundreds of deer, and the man who looks after them wants even more to roam the hills one day. - May 5, 2023
Conservationists hopeful for population increase of swamp deer in Shuklaphanta April 19, 2023 Nepal
... Last year’s census put the number of swamp deer at the park at 2,313 ...Conservationists say the largest herd of swamp deer in Asia can be seen in the grasslands of Shuklaphanta...
UP CM asks officials to prepare action plan to protect state animal Swamp deer ... April 19, 2023 India, Webindia 123
... Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on Tuesday directed the officials to prepare an action plan for protecting the state animal Swamp deer (barasingha) ...
Chinese scientists use stem cell technology to grow antlers on MICE March 13, 2023 China, Daily Mail
... Just 45 days after transplanting these cells onto the foreheads of hairless, laboratory mice, they began growing small stumps. The team hopes this procedure could one day be used to help repair bones or cartilage in humans - or even grow back lost limbs...
Decline in white-tailed deer and roe deer hunting yields in Finland March 10, 2023 Finland, Helsinki Times
... the population was estimated to be around 109,000 white-tailed deer in the early spring of 2022. White-tailed deer are the most important game species in southwestern Finland... Hunting for roe deer, the smallest deer species in Finland, does not require a hunting permit ... yield for the previous season decreased by about 9% compared to the previous season... hunting for European elk ended in late January, and 313 were harvested...
Chile announces biological corridor to protect endangered deer March 7, 2023 Reuters
... Chile launched a program on Monday to protect the huemul, an endangered southern deer, by creating a biological corridor that includes an area recently donated by the family of the late philanthropist and founder of the North Face, Douglas Tompkins... [video below]
Wonders And Woes Of India's Largest Deer March 1, 2023 India, Wildlife SOS
... In the past 30 years, there has been a nearly 50% decline in their population across south-east Asia, Borneo and Sumatra due to habitat loss and poaching. There have been demands noticed for meat and antlers, which have directly resulted in their decreasing numbers in Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia...
Sambar Deer Once Believed To Be Extinct In S'pore Making Comeback Thanks To Zoo Escapees February 28, 2023 Singapore, MustShareNews
... The increase in the wild sambar deer population can be traced back to those that escaped from private and public zoos in the 1970s... The study was published on 15 Feb in the Conservation Science and Practice journal by the Society for Conservation Biology....
Canine detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in laboratory and field settings - Prion, 2023
... Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that affects both freeranging and farmed cervid species, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk ... We then trained the same dogs to search for CWD-positive faecal samples in a more naturalistic field setting. In the field, dogs found 8/11 CWD-positive samples and had an average false detection rate of 13%. These results suggest that dogs can be trained to differentiate CWD-positive faeces from CWD-negative faeces in both laboratory and field settings...
Novel Prion Strain as Cause of Chronic Wasting Disease in a Moose, Finland.
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2023
... Our findings add to a growing body of evidence for a diverse portfolio of emergent strains in Nordic countries that are etiologically distinct from the comparatively consistent strain profile of North America CWD...
Another milestone for zoo as sambar deer translocated to distant Dandeli January 12, 2023 Inda, The Hindu
... Dandeli is over 500 km from Mysuru. Understanding the challenges and knowing that the deer are sensitive animals, the zoo management took up the major task and achieved success like in 2019. Nine herbivores were translocated ...
Bangladesh installs cameras for tiger, deer, pig census in forests January 1, 2023 India, uniindia
... The Forest Department of Bangladesh has started setting up a total of 1,330 cameras at 665 spots in the Sundarbans, world's largest mangrove forests, to count tigers, deer, and pigs...
DOE outlines plans to protect Persian fallow deer December 19, 2022 Iran, Tehran Times
... “At a time it reached 700 with captive breeding plans, but in some breeding centers, it faced problems,” he lamented. A total of 270 deer have remained in the country, he said, adding, nearly 200 are males and 70 are female, and this is a big risk for the breeding process.
Video Below: Back from extinction: The endangered milu deer population in China has kept growing, after persistent protection in recent decades. December 18, 2022
Monkey Bends Tree's Branch To Help Deer Eat Leaves December 12, 2022 India, NDTV
... A video of a monkey and deer has been shared on the Internet showing a delightful coexistence between the two species...
Milu deer population in E China surpasses 7,000 December 6, 2022 CGTN
... The once nearly extinct indigenous milu deer population has surpassed 7,000 in the Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in east China's Jiangsu Province... In 1986, the first batch of 39 milu deer was introduced to the reserve ...
Rare deer caught on camera in northeast China November 18, 2022 Новости Украины
... A Siberian musk deer was captured by an infrared camera at the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province ... It is the first time since 2013 that such a deer has been spotted by the Dongning office...
City Zoo to move surplus deer to Dandeli forest November 15, 2022 India, Star of Mysore
... The 52 spotted deer that have been shifted to the Arabithittu Reserve Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary in 2019 are doing good and their population has multiplied to over 150 now... they call the shifting process as a ‘soft release’ where the cage is placed in the animal enclosure for over two months for acclimatisation...
Once-hunted milu deer thrive in Jiangsu reserve November 9, 2022 China, Chinadaily.com.cn
... A native deer species, milu once thrived along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and along the Yangtze River. It became extinct in the wild in the early 20th century as a result of rampant hunting and habitat loss ...
Costa Rica Wildlife: Meet the White-tailed Deer November 4, 2022 The Tico Times
... The population of white-tailed deer that live in Costa Rica are a lot smaller than the deer living in the U.S. and Canada... if you grabbed a white-tailed deer from Peru and one of the opposite sex from Canada, they could successfully make a baby deer...
City's annual wildlife protection promotion month begins October 29, 2022 China, SHINE
... In early November, science education activities inviting residents to visit the restoration and release base of Chinese water deer in Yexie Town of Songjiang District will be held...
Now, mouse deer being reintroduced in Telangana forests, here's what you need to know October 12, 2022 India, timesnownews
...The species that once roamed the forests of Telangana is said to have suffered local extinction over the years... The population of nocturnal mammals in Telangana gradually fell until they nearly disappeared due to increased poaching and threat to habitat...
Wild population of milu deer reach above 2,500 in central China September 18, 2022 CGTN
... the milu deer, which is native to China, went extinct in the wild in 1900 due to overhunting and habitat loss. Only a few deer that were transported to Europe and acquired by British Duke Herbrand Russell to be raised at the Woburn Abbey survived. In 1985, 22 milu deer were brought back to China ...
Number of iconic Nara Park deer killed in traffic accidents down 55% August 8, 2022 Japan, The Mainichi
... the population of deer at the park in the city of Nara stood at 1,522 ... The decline in deer killed by cars is possibly due to lower tourist vehicle numbers amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and that drivers were more careful thanks to awareness campaigns by the deer conservation group...
A deer graveyard July 17, 2022 Pakistan, The News International
... The people of Thar have dedicated a graveyard for the rare chinkara deer. They have buried seven deer that had been hunted and slaughtered recently by five hunters ... Thari locals, well-wishers of nature and members of civil society were enraged...
Deer, three poachers die of electrocution July 8, 2022 India, The Pioneer
... the men may have laid the wire, carrying 1,100 kV power, to hunt animals. They got electrocuted while retrieving the carcass of a deer ...
84 rare hog deer found present in NE Cambodia, raising hope for species conservation June 17, 2022 Global Times
... Axis porcinus, or hog deer, listed as a globally endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, was once considered extinct until its rediscovery in 2006 in Kratie ...
Baby deer saved from a gruesome fate thanks to DJI thermal drones June 14, 2022 Switzerland, digitalcameraworld
... every year hundreds, maybe even thousands, of fawns are accidentally killed by farmers and their mowers as they tend their fields... Prior to mowing a field, an M2EA is flown above to identify any fawns hidden within the grass from “hotspots” on the thermal camera...
France is building overpasses to reduce roadkill June 2, 2022 The Economist
... The intended beneficiaries are more unexpected still: hedgehogs, badgers, wild boar, weasels, deer ... Between 2021 and 2023, 19 new écoponts, or wildlife bridges, will be built over the a6 and other motorways ...
"Conflict Between Wolves and Humans" Becomes the Reason Behind Swedish Government's Decision to Cull Wolf Population by Half May 25, Nature World News
... The Swedish parliament has voted to reduce the wolf population to 170 individuals, the lowest number in the range of 170 to 270, which would allow the nation to satisfy the EU's species and habitats directive conservation standards...
9 milu deer fawns born in China's Inner Mongolia May 22, 2022 China
... It is the first generation of offspring born to the milu deer that were released into the wild in the region...
The case of the disappearing deer – and how a new corridor could save it May 19, 2022 Chile, The Guardian
... The Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus), or South Andean deer, is the most endangered hoofed animal in South America... Fewer than 1,500 survive today – two-thirds are found in Chile and the remainder in Argentina ...
Wildlife groups warn of 'drunk' deer in France May 11, 2022 UPI.com
... deer in Normandy have been known to over-indulge this time of year on spring buds that are loaded with sugar that ferments in the animals' stomachs ...
Black deer population in Pakistan increases after 53 years March 29, 2022 The Express Tribune
... Black deer in the Cholistan desert, considered to be their natural habitat, went extinct in 1967... at the time it was decided that the deer should be bred in an artificial environment and then released into their natural habitat...
Dip in eastern swamp deer population in Kaziranga January 19, 2021 International, The Hindu
... The population of the vulnerable eastern swamp deer, extinct elsewhere in South Asia, has dipped in the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve...
Baby of elusive deer species photographed for first time in Cambodia December 20, 2021 BBC Wildlife
... the first ever photographs of large-antlered muntjac fawns ... Unknown to science until 1994, the large-antlered muntjac is a critically endangered species of deer native to Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia ...
How the swamp deer managed to return from the brink of extinction December 12, 2021 India, Firstpost
... a ban on its hunting... could not prevent the hunting of swamp deer whose number declined to 66 in 1970... the management of the Kanha National Park decided to keep Barasinghas in an enclosure to save them from carnivorous animals... the number of swamp deer shot up to 1,100 ... can be found only in national parks...
Endangered deer spotted in SW China nature reserve September 14, 2021 Big News Network.com
... The pair with a white stripe on each side of their necks has been confirmed to be female deer and her young one belonging to the forest musk deer species ...
Populations of milu deer increasing due to conservation efforts August 5, 2021 China, Chinadaily USA
... The population of milu deer, or Pere David's deer, in a national nature reserve in the Yangtze River region, continues to rise, with 196 fawns born in the first half of this year, taking the total number to 1,300 from just 94 about 20 years ago...
Call to develop assisted reproductive technologies for Hangul deer July 2, 2021 India, Sify.com
... Naidu noted that scientists at LaCONES have developed technologies for assisted reproduction and have successfully reproduced black buck, spotted deer and rock pigeon ...
Critically endangered rare barking deer spotted in Cambodia June 25, 2021 WION
... This species of the rare barking deer, scientifically known as Muntiacus vuquangensis, was first spotted in 1994 in Vietnam and Laos and has been on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as critically endangered...
SDF base could wipe out deer native to Kagoshima isle May 27, 2021 Japan, Asahi Shimbun
... A sika deer subspecies native to Mageshima island here could become extinct if a Self-Defense Forces base is built on the islet for U.S. military drills ...
Milu deer wander at national nature reserve in central China's Hubei May 20, 2021
Global Times
... The nature reserve introduced 94 milu deer in 1993, 1994 and 2002 from the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park and the population has grown to 2,000-strong today...
Squeak sound of success: Japan rail workers' device scares off deer to avoid collisions May 9, 2021 mainichi.jp
... around one minute before a train was set to pass, a high-pitched "squeak" sound was heard around the tracks. The sound stopped as soon as the train passed by. This is a "repellent sound" ... The number of collisions on the section where the repellent sound system has been installed is currently "zero," ...
Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations May 6, 2021 EurekaAlert
... An international team of 92 scientists and conservationists has joined forces to create the first-ever global atlas of ungulate (hooved mammal) migrations, working in partnership with the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), a UN treaty...
The 50-year battle to save the magnificent barasingha April 26, 2021 India, Times of India
... The barasingha, or swamp deer ... With poaching, encroachment and habitat loss, the number of swamp deer had dropped to a perilous 66 in 1970. Today, there are over a 1,000 of them in Kanha and small herds are being translocated to another site for safe multiplication and expansion ...
Threatened sangai deer's habitat likely to shrink due to climate change April 2, 2021 India, Mongabay-India
... The sangai is found in an isolated population of 260 deer in a small protected area, the Keibul Lamjao National Park ...
Population of Jeju Roe Deer Dips to New Low April 1, 2021 Korea, The Korea Bizwire
... there were 3,500 roe deer on the island last year ... Compared to a reported 12,800 roe deer in 2009 ... attributed to extensive development of the middle mountainous area in the island...
Red deer spotted in China's Qilian Mountains February 15, 2021 China Daily
... A herd of nearly 100 wild red deer, under China's state protection, have recently been sighted in Qilian Mountain National Park in Northwest China's Gansu province ...
Kashmir wildlife authorities provide food for ‘Hangul’ deer amid freezing weather February 8, 2021 India Times
... wildlife officials have been feeding these animals with specific food including fresh vegetables, salt, and dry leaves of willows which they are keeping at different places of oak patches of Dachigam Park. Hangul is the only surviving breed of red deer and these were once present in thousands across the mountainous range of Kashmir...
Is reproduction a solution to Persian fallow deer conservation? January 24, 2021 Iran, Tehran Times
... Iran's Environment and Wildlife Observatory recently announced that out of 320 fallow deer counted in 2008, only 30 remain in Ashk Island today, and this subspecies is on the verge of extinction... All fallow deer in Iran today are inhabiting in semi-captive habitats ...
Alarm at loss of rare ungulates January 17, 2021 Cambodia, The Phnom Penh Post
... in both sanctuaries, Banteng, Muntjac deer, and wild boar populations were observed to have decreased by 72 per cent, 52 per cent and 18 per cent ... very low encounter rates with Eld’s and sambar deer ...
'Environmental Crime'! More than 500 Deer, Wild Boar Slaughtered by Spanish Hunters December 25, 2020 Portugal, Al Bawaba News
... More than 500 deer and wild boar were slaughtered by Spanish hunters who then lined up their carcasses to pose for photos in Portugal... Portuguese Environment Minister João Fernandes said the 16 hunters' killing of 540 animals was 'vile' and an 'environmental crime' ...
From 18 to 8,000: The homecoming story of milu deer December 8, 2020 China
CGTN
... in the early 20th century became the last straw. The milu deer was on the brink of extinction in its homeland (China) ... the 11th Duke of Bedford, a deer lover, collected remaining 18 milu deer in Europe ... The idea of re-introducing the milu deer back to its homeland China was proposed by conservationists in the 1970s... Rare milu deer to be released into wild in China December 4, 2020 Xinhua
... The move aims to enrich the gene pool of the milu population in the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve ... Of the 10 deer, six are male and four are female...
Where did all the deer in Katka wildlife sanctuary go? November 28, 2020 Bangladesh, bdnews24.com
... Prof Monirul H Khan of Jahangirnagar University's Zoology Department points to two reasons for the dearth of deer in the area, namely, poaching and diseases. The authorities would easily know if the deer population had shrunk due to diseases. Therefore, it must be the poachers that are keeping the deer away, Prof Monirul believes...
How Israel reintroduced Persian fallow deer November 23, 2020 The Jerusalem Post Blogs
... the Persian fallow deer was considered extinct. But in the 1950s, a small population was discovered living in Iran... in December 1978. Sensing the impending revolution, the Nature and Parks Authority were called by the shah, who told them to immediately dispatch Mossad agents to secure the deer...
China's milu deer population reaches 8,000 November 8, 2020 CGTN
... China has just released 25 milu deer, a species under first-class state protection in China, into the wild successfully. According to China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA), the population of milu deer in China is now 8,000, basically achieving the goal of restoring the species' population ...
Deer-friendly digestible paper bags developed in Japan October 19, 2020 mainichi.jp
... Wild deer at Nara Park in western Japan, a major tourist attraction, have often suffered from eating plastic bags discarded by visitors, but local companies have now succeeded in developing paper bags that the animals can digest...
Endangered Eld’s deer spotted for first time in Kratie after five years September 24, 2020 Cambodia, The Phnom Penh Post
... A World Wildlife Fund (WWF) press release on Thursday said camera traps captured images of four of the deer, an event that raises hopes for the conservation of the endangered species in the country and region...
The Large-antlered muntjac — Southeast Asia’s mystery deer August 3, 2020 Mongabay
... 12 species of muntjac, the so-called barking deer because of its unique auditory calls, are found only in Asia. The Large-antlered muntjac is Critically Endangered with members of its scant, rarely seen population inhabiting the rugged Annamites Range bordering the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Vietnam and Cambodia...
Forest Department Monitors Herd Of Deer By Drone, Netizens Laud For Being 'less Intrusive' July 8, 2020 India, RepublicWorld
... Video footage of a herd of deer being monitored by a drone is going viral on social media because of its amazing bird-eye view. The video shared by Ramesh Pandey, an Indian Forest Service (IFS) officer gives an insight into the animals' movement without invading their privacy...
Endangered red deer population expands in northeastern Iran June 19, 2020 Iran, Tehran Times
... While the Caspian red deer population in Iran has declined by over 80 percent during the past 4 decades, the species population once again reached up to 500 in northeastern Golestan National Park due to suitable climatic conditions and environmental enthusiasts ...
A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer June 2, 2020 Nature
... It was revealed that Capreolinae and Cervini gained respective three-pointed antlers independently, and their subclades gained synapomorphous tines. We found new homologous and synapomorphous characters, as the antler of Eld’s deer, which has been classified in Rucervus, is structurally close to that of Elaphurus rather than that of Rucervus, consistent with molecular phylogeny...
What is a sambar deer? Candid Animal Cam meets the vulnerable deer June 2, 2020, Mongabay
... over 40 different scientific synonyms have been used for the species ... male adult sambar deer and pregnant or lactating females have a hairless red spot located mid-way down their throats that sometimes oozes a white liquid ...
Deer indigenous to Hokkaido found thriving in northern isle May 30, 2020 asahi.com
... Researchers from Hokkaido University and other institutions noted that Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) have been observed in Kunashiri Island since 2017 and assumed they either swam across the Nemuro Strait, a distance of less than 20 kilometers, or hitched a ride on ice floes...
Endangered deer spotted in Central China May 27, 2020 China Daily
... Three forest musk deer were captured on infrared cameras wandering or enjoying sunbathing in a national nature reserve in Central China's Hunan province ...
How to preserve Russia's endangered species of northern deer May 12, 2020 TASS
... a few subspecies of northern deer - the European, Siberian and Okhotsk subspecies... "Over ten years, the population [of northern deer] declined by a half. The reasons are: first of all, the poaching hunting, and secondly, shrinking habitat - cut woods, active tourism - animals get disturbed in spring," [Russian Arctic National Park’s Deputy Director Ivan Mizin]
For Indonesia's Javan deer, non-protected areas play key conservation role February 20, 2020 Mongabay.com
... Nearly a quarter of the native population of Javan deer, and two-fifths of introduced populations, occur outside protected areas in Indonesia ... The study, published Jan. 25 in the Journal for Nature Conservation ... The Javan deer is a highly flexible tropical grassland species...
Study finds new population of rare deer — but in Brazil’s Arc of Deforestation February 19, 2020 Mongabay
... new populations of Pampas deer in the savanna region along the southern edge of the Brazilian Amazon, hundreds of miles away from the species’ historical range... where the land is fast being taken over for agriculture...
Thawing permafrost: how buffaloes and deer may save us from climate catastrophe January 29, 2020 Russia, TASS
... By tramping snow, the animals keep the permafrost’s temperature... At their pastures, the temperatures of soil and permafrost remain by 3-4 degrees lower than in areas where they do not go ... The biggest share of frozen carbon lays in Russia, and half of it - in Yakutia ...
Ancient Stone Age Ring Made From Deer Antler Discovered in Village Swallowed by the Sea Thousands of Years Ago January 21, 2020 Denmark, Newsweek
... tests on artifacts found near the ring suggest it was made 5,500 to 6,300 years ago ... testing identified the material—the bone of an elk (Alces alces) or red deer (Cervus elapse) ... they say it is likely red deer, the more local of the two species. Elk vanished from the area in response to rising sea levels ...
Why Is The Hog Deer Endangered? December 4, 2019 Asia, WorldAtlas
... the species was found in much of lowland Southern and Mainland Southeast Asia. The hog deer was common and widespread in the mid and late twentieth century. However, the species' populations suffered drastic and extensive decline due to hunting and habitat loss as a result of the conversion of floodplain grasslands ...
Once Numbering Less Than 400, Majestic Bukhara Deer Return To The Wilds Of Kazakhstan November 30, 2019 GoodNewsNetwork
... In a bid to reestablish tigers in the area ... This recent effort in the Ili-Balkhash Nature Reserve is just one of several deer reintroductions taking place here, and in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan...
Dead Deer Found In Thailand With 7kg Of Plastic In Stomach November 26, 2019 International Business Times
... wild deer was found dead after swallowing 7 kilograms (15 pounds) of plastic bags and other trash in Thailand, an official said Tuesday, raising the alarm on waste littering the country's waters and forests... country is one of the world's largest consumers of plastic ...
Current population status of the endangered Hog Deer Axis porcinus October 2019, IIndia, Journal of Threatened Taxa
... The Endangered Hog Deer Axis porcinus has experienced drastic population declines throughout its geographical range. There is limited knowledge of its current population status, particularly from northeastern India. ..
Deer head seized at Manila Port, handed over to DENR September 25, 2019 Philippines, YAHOO!
... The Bureau of Customs (BOC) turned over on Tuesday (September 24) to the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR) a piece of deer head smuggled into the Philippines without the necessary import permit...
Evidence suggests rare deer lived 50 years beyond 'extinction' September 6, 2019 Thailand, Phys.org
... Schomburgk's deer (Rucervus schomburgki) was added to the extinction list in 1938. But new evidence, gleaned from antlers obtained in late 1990 or early 1991, shows that it survived for at least an additional half century and might still be around today...
How a deer-tooth necklace helps us to better understand our ancestors September 1, 2019 France, THE WEEK
... around 19,000 years ago in southwestern France at a site called Saint-Germain-La-Rivière, an adult woman dies and is prepared for burial by members of her society. She is adorned with 70 red-deer teeth that were perforated by a flint tool to be used as beads ...
Drones Save 450 Baby Deer From Harvest in Switzerland August 29, 2019 Switzerland, Dronelife
... In Graubünden in eastern Switzerland, drones with thermal imaging cameras were able to spot and rescue 450 newborn deer playing a high-stakes game of hide and seek in meadows and pastures due to be harvested...
Conservation union launched to protect China's rare deer August 25, 2019 International, Xinhua
... The government of Beijing's Daxing District said Saturday they will work with global partners to launch a new initiative on the research and protection of the rare deer species of milu..
Here are Milu deer August 23, 2019 China Daily
... Habitat destruction decimated the wild population in China... The deer lingering in the imperial hunting grounds died out around 1900. But, in 1865, French missionary Pere David brought some to Europe ...
Captive breeding employed to rescue Chile's national animal, a shy deer August 15, 2019 The Jakarta Post
... released their first captive-bred pair into the wild in a pivotal step in the drive to save the endangered species from extinction. The Huemul, which appears on the Chilean national coat of arms ... a total population of less than 1,500 ...
'Worst fears confirmed' as hunters release their own dead deer survey after Molesworth 1080 drop August 1, 2019 New Zealand, Stuff.co.nz
... They spotted 92 deer carcasses, compared to just two live deer. "While the percentage by-kill cannot be directly quantified from the data collected, the ratio of two live deer to 92 dead deer observed suggests by-kill was high," the report said...
Climate change blamed for deaths of 200 Arctic reindeer July 29, 2019 Space Daily
... found dead from starvation in the Arctic archipelago Svalbard ... about 1,200 kilometres (746 miles) from the North Pole ... also due in part to a significant increase in the number of reindeer in the Norwegian archipelago. That is partly thanks to climate change and the warmer summers ...
White-tailed deer were predominant in pre-Columbian Panama feasts July 23, 2019 Phys.org
..."Deer were more than just food for Panamanian pre-Columbian populations," Martínez-Polanco said. "Deer hunting was restricted and their consumption linked to important occasions ...
'It's an extremely sad ending': Baby deer euthanized despite efforts to save it July 19, 2019 British Columbia, CTV News
... a leg fracture that had become infected and needed amputation. Oz [the veterinarian] said he was willing to do the surgery ... Unfortunately, there was no facility with the proper permits that Gilbert could live in within a 200-kilometre radius of where he was found...
Agroforestry Can Combat Climate Change, But Is It Scalable? July 17, 2019 Portugal, TriplePundit
... trees planted amongst crops in a harmonious ecosystem ... A healthy montado takes years to build. As the forest grows, chickens are added, then pigs and sheep. Cows come last. In the midst of it all, wild animals—wild boar, lynx and deer—come and go...
60 spotted deer rescued in Chennai to be set free July 12, 2019 India Times
... rescued from various places in the city, are set to be translocated in the wild... We want to monitor those animals at least for a month. Only then will the next batch will be released from the rehabilitation centre ...
Japan's Sacred Nara Deer Found Dead After Swallowing Plastic Waste July 10, 2019 Newsweek
... the deer may be accidentally eating the plastic bags or packaging discarded by visitors because they contain food or smell like food... "The deer that died were very skinny and I was able to feel their bones," ...
Population of milu deer grows in China July 1, 2019 Global Times
... also known as Pere David's deers ... was on the edge of extinction in the early 20th century due to overhunting and habitat loss... the population of the species in the reserve has grown to 5,016 ...
Endangered deer species found alive and well in Chilean Patagonia, May 29 Chile, La Oferta
... A scientific investigation has confirmed the presence of the endangered south Andean deer in the northern part of Chilean Patagonia, where it was known to have existed in the past ...
Hopes rise for red deer survival in northern Iran May 28, 2019 Mehr News Agency - English Version
... red deer in the country’s northern forests is estimated to be at around 300 to 400 ... he largest species of deer in Iran ... Illegal hunting and deforestation of the Caspian Hyrcanian Forests ... have caused a major drop in the population ...
Golden deer threatened by record heat and an army land grab May 28, 2019 Frontier Myanmar
... The unusually high temperatures this year dried up the sanctuary’s ponds and pools earlier than usual. This prompted urgent efforts by forestry staff to replenish water sources in the Tatmadaw-controlled area, but the department lacked resources...
7 Persian fallow deer born in wildlife refuge in northern Iran May 24, 2019 Tehran Times
... They are nearly extinct today, inhabiting only a small habitat in Khuzestan, southern Iran, two rather small protected areas in Mazandaran (northern Iran) ... Habitat destruction of tamarisk, oak, and pistachio woodlands, in which the deer are found, has contributed to their population decline ...
Deer spotted in cyclone-ravaged park May 17, 2019 India, The Hindu
... About 4,000 were missing; herds seen near waterbodies in Odisha sanctuary ... ‘extremely severe cyclone’ ... passed through the sanctuary with high-velocity winds with speed of over 200 kmph...
Drones to locate deer at Fani-hit sanctuary in Odisha May 14, 2019 India, Indiatimes
... to trace hundreds of spotted deer and other animals, who are untraceable ever since the extremely severe Cyclone Fani ripped through the coastal district on May 3... home to over 4,000 spotted deer ...
Crowdfunding brings life-saving water to Myanmar's deer May 10, 2019 AFP on MSN.com
... The sanctuary's 20-odd lakes and ponds ... have all dried up... the park's estimated 1,000 deer ... they turned to Facebook for help...
Virus may have caused mysterious foot disease in Chile’s rare huemul deer April 24, 2019 Mongabay
... Preliminary results from tests on tissue samples taken from an infected fawn suggest that a parapoxvirus, a group of viruses that commonly infect and cause lesions in livestock, could have been the main cause of the foot disease...
Chinkara deer numbers rise from 4,000 to 6,000 April 22, 2019 Pakistan, The Express Tribune
... the number of deer had increased due to a ban on illegal hunting and measures to curb smuggling... As a result of these steps, the deer are thriving in their natural habitat ...
Tbilisi Zoo Launches Crowdfunder to Protect Deer Population in Georgia March 1, 2019 Georgia Today
... The Caucasian red deer ... are threatened species in Georgia. Conservationists fear that they could become extinct if nothing is done to protect them...
Unabated Poaching: Number of deer in Monpura forest on decline March 29, 2019 India, The Daily Star
... The island could have been a safe heaven for spotted deer but some active poacher's gang are not letting it happen ... spotted deer living in the island are also facing acute drinking water crisis ...
Free ranging deer soon to be rescued March 29, 2019 India,
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
... The wildlife managers have identified more than a dozen locations across the city ... plans have been drawn on how to trap the free-ranging ungulates ... will be safely transported ...
China's major lake records growing milu deer population March 20, 2019 Xinhua
... Last April, to improve biodiversity in the local wetland ecosystem, China released 47 milu deer into the wild around Poyang, the country's largest freshwater lake where the species disappeared around 1,000 years ago. Local officials said the deer had adapted well to the new environment ...
The once endangered milu deer now thrives in its homeland March 18, 2019 China, CGTN
... the population of the milu deer in the reserve has risen from 39 to 4,556, accounting for two-thirds of its total population in the world...
Rare mouse deer spotted in forest at central catchment area in Singapore March 12, 2019 Malaysia, Global Times
American still awaiting decision on his request to hunt the white-tailed animals February 10, 2019 Jamaica, Jamaica Gleaner
... Efforts by American Tom McIntyre to get a definitive answer from Jamaican authorities to his request to organise hunts to cull the white-tailed deer, an alien invasive species, have yielded little results...
Water Deer Facts - Animals of Asia January 17, 2019 worldatlas.com
... considered cervids although they lack the antlers and the prominent tusks. The water deer is seriously threatened in their native habitats due to poaching and habitat destruction...
Department of Agriculture: ‘Deer don’t spread much bovine TB’ January 10, 2019 Ireland, Irish Examiner
... There is no evidence that deer play a significant role in transmitting TB to cattle in most of the country outside Wicklow, according to the Department of Agriculture...
Two nature reserve wardens refuse to take part in mass deer cull December 7, 2018 Netherlands, DutchNews.NL
... Two of the four wardens at the Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve have been moved to new duties after refusing to take part in the cull of 1,800 deer...
Genetic study reveals presence of rare sub-species of Hog Deer November 26, 2018 India, Business Line
... This endangered sub-species was earlier believed to be confined to the eastern part of central Thailand... a small population of hog deer in Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP) in Manipur...
Deer population in Anna University faces inbreeding threat due to isolation October 29, 2018 India, Deccan Chronicle
... We have found around 20 spotted deer isolated in Anna University main campus... facing the threat of inbreeding ...
Anti deer cull campaigners placed suspect package at Flevoland office October 22, 2018 Netherlands, DutchNews.NL
... There have been regular protests since the province gave the green light to the cull, which is due to start in November... In the original plan, the reserve was to be linked to the Veluwe region, but that was scrapped as part of budget cuts...
Flevoland gives final go ahead to nature reserve deer cull, 1,000 may be shot September 19, 2018 Netherlands, DutchNews.NL
... given the final go ahead for a mass cull of deer in the Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve ... Large mammals were introduced in the reserve in the 1980s and 1990s in what has proved to be a controversial move...
In search of a second home for Manipur’s brow antlered deer September 1, 2018
thehindu.com
... From near extinction in 1951, the population of the brow antlered deer, aka dancing deer — found only Manipur’s Bishnupur district — is 260, according to a joint census conducted by the Forest Department and wildlife enthusiasts in March 2016 ...
Mouse deer reintroduction into wild successful August 9, 2018 India, thehindu.com
... The first batch of mouse deer released by the Nehru Zoological Park into the wild habitat are adapting well as evidenced through the camera traps, and more animals will be released shortly ...
Are you lost deer? The deer that still won’t cross the German border June 8, 2018
Vintage News
... 1989, when the fall of the Berlin Wall marked a new era in European geopolitics... after the physical restrictions were gone, the deer kept their habit of avoiding the area where the horrific electric fence once stood... Šustr learned that avoiding the area where the fence once stood is a behavior that has stuck to this day among the deer population. The deer continue to follow the paths established by prior generations...
Low Genetic Diversity Menaces Fallow Deer June 3, 2018 Iran, Financial Tribune
... Low genetic diversity is becoming a serious concern over the survival of the scarce Persian fallow deer on Ashk Island in Urmia Lake, West Azarbaijan Province …
Found: A Rare Tiny Deer in Vietnam May 23, 2018 Atlas Obscura
... a muntjac, and the last time it appeared was nearly two decades ago... the tiny deer has been drastically absent because of illegal wire-snare hunting ...
Population of Chinkara deer on the rise in Cholistan May 21, 2018 The Express Tribune
... Due to the ban imposed on hunting and smuggling of Chinkara deer, the population of these creatures has exceeded to above 4,000 in Cholistan ...
Conservation holds Valley’s prized Hangul ‘deer’ May 14, 2018 India, The Pioneer
... Presence of the red deer was confirmed year-round in the distinct areas of Wanhghat Narang and Chandaji. The observation holds importance given the decreasing population of Hangul. The IUCN Red List has classified it as critically endangered species... just about 200 Hanguls...
Dutch rewilding experiment sparks backlash as thousands of animals starve April 27 2018 Netherlands, The Guardian
... , a bold project to rewild a vast tract of land east of Amsterdam. But a unique nature reserve where red deer, horses and cattle roam free on low-lying marsh reclaimed from the sea has been savaged by an official report after thousands of animals starved...
King of the deer coming to Copenhagen? April 9, 2018 Denmark, The Copenhagen Pos
... There are already smaller species of deer in Kalvebod Fælled, but Naturstyrelsen believes releasing red deer into the area would help attract even more guests... The red deer is the biggest deer species in Denmark, with about 10,000 ... nationwide...
Photographic evidence of wild dogs, mouse deer April 7, 2018 India, The Hindu
... the Visakhapatnam Forest Division recorded ... country’s smallest descendent of ungulate species known as Indian mouse deer ...
PLoS
... increased spring temperature and precipitation are likely associated with a flush of nutritional resources available to the mother, promoting increased lactation efficiency and neonate growth early in life. In contrast, reduced spring temperature with increased precipitation place neonates at risk to hypothermia. Increased patch connectance likely reflects increased escape cover available within a neonate’s home range after they are able to flee from predators...
China releases 47 milu deer into wild in major lake April 3, 2018 Global Times
... China Tuesday released 47 rare milu deer into the wild in the wetland around Poyang Lake to improve biodiversity and protect the ecosystem of the country's largest freshwater lake...
International Deer Research
Human threats outweigh natural factors in shaping deer populations across Atlantic Rainforest April 24, 2025 Brazil, Phys.org on MSN.com
... A group of Brazilian researchers has, for the first time in the entire Atlantic Rainforest, estimated the population density of the five deer species ... published in the Journal of Applied Ecology ... Anthropogenic influence (resulting from human activity) had the greatest effect on deer density, outweighing natural factors such as altitude, slope, and latitude...
Red Deer and the Ancient Forests They Once Ruled April 23, 2025 Europe, Discover WildScience on MSN
... Red deer didn’t just inhabit the forests—they helped create them. By grazing on young saplings and shrubs, they prevented some plants from overtaking the forest, allowing a greater diversity of species to thrive. Their movement through the undergrowth stirred up soil, helping seeds take root and spreading nutrients...
Researchers thrilled after trail cameras capture critically endangered creature for first time in decades: 'We've found it' April 21, 2025 Vietnam, The Cool Down on MSN
... Trail cameras have helped researchers spot the endangered forest musk deer in northern Vietnam. This is the first time the forest musk deer has been spotted in Cao Bằng Province in decades ...
First draft genome of Visayan spotted deer published March 2, 2025 Phillipines, GMA Network
... The first draft genome sequence of the Visayan Spotted Deer (Rusa alfredi), a critically endangered and one of the rarest deer species in the world, has been shared by local researchers, according to the Philippine Genome Center (PGC) Visayas...
Prions in Muscles of Cervids with Chronic Wasting Disease, Norway - Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2025
... Our findings highlight the systemic nature of CWD strains in Europe and raise questions regarding the risk of human exposure through edible tissues...
Deer poo analysis uncovers surprising role in woodland conservation efforts February 10, 2025 United Kingdom, Phys.org on MSN
... according to findings published in the scientific journal Ecological Solutions & Evidence, the researchers discovered that the deer are eating large quantities of bramble, which could serve to reduce that plant's growth and prevent it from outcompeting the saplings of vulnerable tree and shrub species...
The heritability of migration behaviours in a wide-ranging ungulate January 31, 2025 BioRxiv
... We found low heritability for broad patterns of migration timing, distance, and duration, but high heritability for movement rate along the migratory route. Our findings suggest that wild mule deer populations have the potential to respond to selection pressure generated by human activity or global environmental changes through microevolutionary changes in migration behaviours...
Lower ungulate population density in rainforests under anthropogenic influences - Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025
... in the South American Atlantic Forest ... Density varied from 0.14 to 18.17 individuals/km2 ... Our results highlight how threats such as poaching, predation by domestic dogs, disease transmission from domestic ungulates and competition, predation or disturbance by wild boar may affect forest deer density and potentially lead to species extinction...
Fishermen Discover A Massive 10,000-Year-Old ‘Irish Elk’ Skull January 14, 2025 MSN
... the ancient skull dates back more than 10,500 years, according to LiveScience... The skull and antlers measure about six feet across...
CWD prions found in moose, deer, reindeer muscles in Norway, highlighting potential risk to people January 14, 2025 cidrap.umn
... Researchers who late last week reported finding chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions in the muscles of infected moose, red deer, and reindeer in Norway ...
Impact of global environmental changes on the range contraction of Eurasian moose since the Late Pleistocene October 29, 2024 The Science of the total environment
... We concluded that although the area of suitable moose habitat has increased since 12-8 ka years BP, as demonstrated by environmental niche modeling, the retreat of A. alces in large areas of Europe was likely caused by anthropogenic landscape change (e.g., deforestation) and overhunting by humans during the late Holocene rather than by climate warming during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition...
Immunocastration caused dysfunction of Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
- Animal Biology, 2024
... This study used immunocastration to capture four Père David’s deer ... in Jiangsu Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve ... shows that using immune castration to control the population of Père David’s deer may disrupt their cell apoptosis and disturb the cell cycle, leading to abnormal pathways and promoting the onset of many diseases...
Ancient genomes of Sitka black-tailed deer show evidence for postglacial stepping-stone dispersal along the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America 2024 Research Square
... The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and its two distinct black-tailed deer (BTD) subspecies, Sitka and Columbian BTD, have a complex history in North America involving survival in Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ... The uneven deglaciation along the Northwest Pacific Coast following the LGM may have created temporary post-glacial refugia, or “stepping stones”, along the British Columbia Coast. Such dispersal, associated with genetic drift and isolation by distance, likely led to the emergence of the BTD subspecies, as well as the low genetic diversity observed in modern Sitka BTD...
Using animal–vehicle collision data for wildlife population monitoring - Ecosphere, 2024
... , we compared data of >1.2 million hunter-shot deer and >40,000 deer–vehicle collisions collected over 11 years in Denmark. We show that deer–vehicle collision data can be useful for population monitoring of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and red deer (Cervus elaphus)...
Naivety dies with the calf: calf loss to human hunters imposes behavioral change in a long-lived but heavily harvested ungulate - Movement Ecology, 2024
... In our study, female moose that experienced calf loss selected for lower distance to forest and selected for greater distance to human settlements during periods of high hunting pressure compared to females without the experience of calf loss during the previous hunting season. We interpret this as potential learning effects...
Genomic analysis confirms the uniqueness of Iberian red deer in Europe September 11, 2024 Phys.org on MSN.com
... About 10,000 years ago (in the Holocene), deer from the south of the British Isles migrated into Scotland, those from central Europe moved into Scandinavia, and those from southern France migrated into the center of the continent...
Flexible migration by woodland caribou in Ontario, Canada - The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2024
... Caribou demonstrated plasticity in migration, with evidence of facultative
migration by the forest‐tundra and the forest‐dwelling ecotypes. Variation in migration was likely a combination of local adaptation and acute response to changing environmental
factors, particularly snow...
Deer and Other Hoofed Mammals May Have Horns Because of One Ancient Ancestor August 21, 2024 Discover Magazine on MSN
... similar markers in RNA support the theory that there is a common ancestor for the various types of ruminants with headgear, rather than a parallel evolution in which groups developed these features independently... t study published in Communications Biology ...
Nandankanan starts Translocation of 200 Spotted Deer To Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary In Balasore August 13, 2024 India, Odisha Diary
... Deers were captured by the non-invasive Boma method and were transported by using a specialized herbivore transport vehicle...
In Japan, Conserving the Genetics of a Sacred Deer May 7, 2024 Undark
... The sika deer, Cervus nippon, are considered sacred in Shintoism.... A recent study published in the Journal of Conservation Science and Practice shows that the deer in the Nara Park preserve today are genetically unique from deer populations in the surrounding area, preserving the DNA of their sacred ancestors...
'Dwarf'-like mountain creature seen snacking on plants in Peru. It's a new species March 19, 2024 Yahoo News Canada
... Researchers suspected the Northern Pudu, a species of dwarf deer that lives in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, was actually several species lumped together, according to a study published March 1 in the peer-reviewed Journal of Mammalogy...
Genetic insights and conservation challenges of Nara's sacred deer February 21, 2024 Japan, Science Daily
...A new study has revealed a complex situation: while the sanctuary's deer upholds a distinct genetic identity, the surrounding areas display a blend of genetic lineages. This exposes a pressing predicament: whether to cull the 'pest' deer around sanctuary or risk losing a sacred genetic legacy...
Little progress in saving Kashmir’s endangered hangul deer February 19, 2024 Eco-business
... An August 2023 research paper, based on data from January 2001 to March 2020 suggested that with a population of less than 200 individuals, the hangul “may be in a terminal phase of decline and could become extinct ...
CCMB researchers estimate critically endangered 'Hangul deer' population using genetic data December 15, 2023 India, Telangana Today
... In the early 1900s, there were 3,000-5,000 Hangul and over the years, due to a variety of reasons (including hunting), their numbers in the wild are now estimated to be close to 200 individuals with skewed sex ratio of just 12-15 males for every 100 females... [published in Cambridge Core]
Asking the right questions about Predator Free New Zealand - New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 2023
... In 1930, botanist Leonard Cockayne believed that overbrowsing by deer was damaging mountain vegetation and vastly accelerating soil erosion. His world view led to his prediction, quoted with relish by Graeme Caughley (1983), that, if the numbers of deer were not controlled, “vast areas of mountain-side will be turned into moving debris”. Ten years of intense official effort by teams of ground hunters and a lot of money spent to eradicate deer from the high country proved that the high erosion rate in mountain land could not be prevented by removing deer browsing...
Survival, cause‐specific mortality, and population growth of white‐tailed deer in western Virginia - The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2023
... . In the central Appalachian Mountains, deer are part of a largely forested ecosystem that supports 3 carnivore species thought to be capable of influencing white-tailed deer recruitment: black bears (Urus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Yet little is known about predation, how other environmental factors influence recruitment, or the importance of neonate survival to white-tailed deer population performance in the region ... While predation, largely influenced by black bears, was the leading cause of neonate mortality and contributed to low neonate survival, we observed little evidence of population decline, and suggest there is opportunity for a modest increase in harvest of female deer...
Predation risk drives long‐term shifts in migratory behaviour and demography in a large herbivore population - Journal of Animal Ecology, 2023
... we use a nearly 20-year record of individual-based monitoring of a large
herbivore, elk (Cervus canadensis) ... in and adjacent to a large protected area in Banff National Park (BNP), Canada... Shifts were inconsistent with exposure to the bottom-up benefits of migration. Instead, exposure to landscape gradients in predation risk caused by exploitation outside the protected area
drove migratory shifts...
The presence of wolves leads to spatial differentiation in deer browsing pressure on forest regeneration 2013 Poland, Nature
... In a forest ecosystem [Poland] not inhabited by wolves, spatial variation in browsing patterns on small-sized beech plantations was the same between the edge and the center. In contrast, browsing pressure by deer was greater at the edges on large-sized pine plantations. The presence of wolves reduced deer browsing on beech and increased browsing on pine saplings...
Estimating Occupancy and Abundance of Endangered Kashmir Musk Deer (Moschus cupreus) in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand 2023 Indian Journal of Ecology
... The overall abundance of musk deer was 28.40 in the study area, with an average density of 4.73/100 km2. This study is the first attempt to estimate occupancy and abundance using camera traps, providingbaseline information for future management and conservation strategies within the landscape...
Heterogeneity of pathological prion protein accumulation in the brain of moose (Alces alces) from Norway, Sweden and Finland with chronic wasting disease - Veterinary Research, 2023
... In 2016, chronic wasting disease (CWD) gained great importance at European level due to the first disease detection in a wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway. The subsequent intensive CWD surveillance launched in cervids resulted in the detection of CWD in moose (Alces alces), with 11 cases in Norway, 3 in Finland and 4 in Sweden... the different types of PrPSc deposits found among moose demonstrate strong variations between the cases, supporting the postulation that these cases could carry multiple strains of CWD...
... The first case of CWD in Europe was detected in a Norwegian reindeer in 2016, followed later by two CWD cases in Norwegian moose... Our results show that all the methods applied were able to detect the CWD positive samples even if differences in analytical sensitivity were clearly observed. Although this study could not assess the test accuracy, due to the small number of samples available, it is conceivable that the rapid and confirmatory diagnostic systems applied for CWD surveillance in Northern Europe are reliable tools...
University of Freiburg experts analyse wildlife populations in ten large protected areas in Germany For The First Time July 22, 2023 Germany, India Education Diary
... Monitoring ungulate populations is a crucial part of the management process in protected areas ... In order to classify the images, a database was set up at the University of Freiburg, to which the images could be uploaded. “We had to rely on artificial intelligence in order to be able to determine the species of ten large protected areas from this massive amount of images,” ...
Spatiotemporal evaluation of waning grassland habitats for swamp deer conservation across the human-dominated upper Gangetic Plains, India - Environmental Conservation, 2023
... On-ground mapping and visual classifications revealed a 57% decline in these grasslands between 1985 (418 km2) and 2015 (178 km2), mostly driven by habitat conversion (74% contribution by cropland)... We recommend the protection of these critical grassland patches to maintain ‘dynamic corridors’, with restoration and other management approaches involving multiple stakeholders to ensure the survival of this critical ecosystem...
Monitoring of chronic wasting disease (CWD) - EFSA Journal, April, 2023
... The European Commission requested an analysis of the Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) monitoring programme in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (9 January 2017–28 February 2022). Thirteen cases were detected in reindeer, 15 in moose and 3 in red deer. They showed two phenotypes, distinguished by the presence or absence of detectable disease‐associated normal cellular prion protein (PrP) in lymphoreticular tissues. CWD was detected for the first time in Finland, Sweden and in other areas of Norway...
Elevated lead exposure in Australian hunting dogs during a deer hunting season - Environmental Pollution, 2023
... Blood was collected from 27 dogs owned by four different deer hunters and comprising three different breeds just prior to the start of the hound hunting season (March 2022) and in the middle of the season (August 2022), and blood lead levels (BLLs) (μg/dL) were determined ... For 32% of the dogs before the season, and 56% during the season, BLLs exceeded the established threshold concentration for developmental neurotoxicity in humans (1.2 μg/dL)....
... we estimated the historical demography of effective population size (Ne) of sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) in Hokkaido and Hyogo Prefectures of the Japanese archipelago. We estimated Ne of >100 generations from present (2020) by folded single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) frequency spectra and, within 100 generations from present, by linkage disequilibrium between SNP ...
Conservation of Nara Park deer results in unique genetic lineage March 14, 2023 Japan, Phys.org
... the Nara Park deer population split from their ancestors more than 1,400 years ago, around the exact time the Kasuga Taisha Shrine was established... religious protection helped rare ancestral populations of sika deer survive in Nara Park for more than 1,000 years, while the surrounding populations disappeared due to historical hunting and settlement ...
Drinking deer milk could have health benefits, scientists suggest March 6, 2023 New Zealand, Stuff.co.nz
... Although none of the women gained weight they all gained muscle mass after drinking deer milk, without additional exercise, she said. “As we age, we lose muscle mass much more easily than we gain it, and we do need more proteins,” Von Hurst said...
Domestic Cattle in a National Park Restricting the Sika Deer Due to Diet Overlap - Animals, 2023
... By utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, this study quantified the extent of foraging conflict between cattle and deer in the park. We found the cattle shifted from a grazer-typical diet to a browser-typical diet, which resulted in a big diet overlap with sika deer. Indeed, the diet of cattle was more diverse than that of sika deer. Therefore, we argue that the big diet overlaps and superior competitive abilities of cattle may be the main driver restricting the dispersal of sika deer into the inland...
Caribou have been using same Arctic calving grounds for 3,000 years February 8, 2023 Science Daily
... Female caribou shed their antlers within days of giving birth, leaving behind a record of their annual travels across Alaska and Canada's Yukon that persists on the cold tundra for hundreds or even thousands of years. Researchers recovered antlers that have sat undisturbed on the arctic tundra since the Bronze Age...
Deer in Nara Park have unique genes preserved for 1,000 years February 1, 2023 Japan, The Asahi Shimbun
... deer were divided into three groups: those in the eastern part of the peninsula, the western part and in Nara Park... Deer in Nara Park were separated from the three groups’ common ancestors around 1,000 and 2,000 years ago, most likely around 1,400 years ago...
'Degraded' Tropical Forests Surprisingly Rich in Wildlife, Study Finds December 21, 2022 YAHOO!News
... The study combined data on the growth of trees in Borneo with data on the size and food intake of 248 animal species ... while old-growth forests are a vital carbon sink, the study found that animals eat more food in total in logged forests, consuming two and half times as much energy as they do in old-growth woodlands. In oil palm plantations, the flow of energy from plants to animals all but collapses, particularly among deer, elephants, and other large mammals ...
Effect of legal regulation of supplemental feeding on space use of red deer in an area with chronic wasting disease 2023 Norway, European Journal of Wildlife
... The ban on supplementary feeding had no effect on size of core areas or home ranges. Several potential factors can explain the overall weak effect of the ban on space use, including the use of agricultural fields by red deer, other anthropogenic feeding, and landscape topography. This study highlights that snow depth is the main factor determining space use during winter ...
Growth of forests may have contributed to extinction of large mammals in Central Europe 11,000 years ago December 14, 2022 Phys.org
... these environments which were continuously inhabited by large mammals from 48,000 to some 11,000 years ago. Datable bones found in caves in Belgium and gravel deposits in the Rhine valley document that mammoth, wooly rhinoceros, bison, horses, reindeer, and giant deer found the cold phases more accommodating. The sparse forests of the warmer phases were the preferred habitat of red deer, elk, and the European bison...
Estimation of ungulate population density in Kazakhstan: Case study from foothill ecosystems, 2022, Journal for Forestry Science
... tData on wildlife abundance is an important indicator both for the species concerned and the stability of entire ecosystems as well as for sustainable game management. Therefore, the abundance of ungulate game was verifiednin a foothill region of Kazakhstan. The methods of thermal imagery and faecal pellet group (FPG) census on transectsnwere compared. The results obtained by the FPG counting method for moose (Alces alces, 0.34 individuals per 100 ha)
and maral deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus, 0.04 individuals per 100 ha) were relatively consistent with the data reportednby the hunting ground tenants. Only one moose was detected by the thermal imaging transect count method...
Population decline and demography of the world's largest breeding population of huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Chile - Austral Ecology, 2022
.... The largest remaining populations of the endangered huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) are believed to be concentrated in the remote, rugged and largely uninhabited glacial valleys and fjords surrounding the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that lie within Chile's Bernardo O'Higgins National Park... We examine potential drivers of this population decline, which may include poor recruitment, predation and high incidences of foot disease exacerbated by climatic conditions, and we offer recommendations for the conservation, monitoring and management of this and other coastal huemul populations...
... Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldi) was once widely distributed across Southeast Asia, however the species is now listed as Endangered ... Effective law enforcement and anti-hunting strategies, implementation of management plans within protected areas as well as investigation into the potential of captive populations to support the conservation of Eld’s deer in the wild are essential for preserving this species...
German and Austrian deer thus far spared SARS-CoV-2 infections, unlike US deer April 1, 2022 Phys.org
... The research is reported in the journal Microorganisms in a special issue on viruses of wild mammals... None of the deer from Germany or Austria were positive...
Analysis of mtDNA genetic diversity and genetic structure of captive forest musk deer population 2022 Journal of Beijing Foresty University
... The genetic diversity of the captive forest musk deer is higher than that of many endangered ungulate species in captive, but the gene exchange among their breeding population is limited, and genetic differentiation has appeared. It is suggested to strengthen the exchange of genetic sources and enhance the gene exchange in order to help protect the genetic diversity of forest musk deer populations in captive...
Antler detection from the sky: deer sex ratio monitoring using drone‐mounted thermal infrared sensors - Wildlife Biology, 2022
..., velvet antlers of deer were visually recognized during summer, and 92% of the detected deer were antlered. This biased sex ratio would be a characteristic in the distribution periphery of local deer populations...
SARS-CoV-2 has not emerged in roe, red or fallow deer in Germany or Austria during the COVID 19 pandemic 2022. bioRxiv
... Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 to North American white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been documented. We evaluated pre and pandemic exposure of German and Austrian deer species using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudoneutralization assay. In stark contrast to North American white tailed deer, we found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure...
Phylogeography and population genetic structure of the European roe deer in Switzerland following recent recolonization 2022. Ecology and Evolution
... In the early 1800s, the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was probably extirpated from Switzerland, due to overhunting and deforestation. After a federal law was enacted in 1875 to protect lactating females and young, and limiting the hunting season, the roe deer successfully recovered and recolonized Switzerland.... we conclude that the genetic data support the recognition of a single roe deer management unit within Switzerland ...
Population density, habitat use and activity patterns of endangered hog deer in Cambodia 2022 Mammal Research
... Hog deer (Axis porcinus) were once widespread throughout much of lowland Southern Asia, but numbers rapidly declined during the last two decades. In Cambodia, the species was considered extinct until 2006 when a small number of individuals (presumedly spp. annamiticus) was rediscovered along the western bank of the Mekong River near Kratie ... extremely vulnerable to extinction due to its small size and its complete dependency on a tiny remnant patch of core habitat. Conservation and restoration actions to preserve and restore prime habitat are urgently required to prevent local extinction. ...
... Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus L.) populations and their habitat decreased significantly over the past decades due to unsustainable, long-term hunting and deforestation. To support the species’ conservation, we assessed its potential distribution, conservation priority areas, core patch fragmentation, and potential connectivity corridors in Northeast China ...
Mitochondrial capture and subsequent genetic divergence generates a novel haplogroup: evidence from ancient and ongoing hybridization in mule and white-tailed deer January, 2022. Journal of Mammalogy
... Molecular evidence suggests that up to 24% of individuals in some populations are a product of hybrid ancestry... White-tailed deer and mule deer diverged from a common ancestor of approximately 3.13 mya ... The ancestral mule deer-like mitochondrial genome appears to be restricted to black-tailed deer distributed along the western portion of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Ranges ...
PeerJ, 2022
... The Central American brocket deer is a vulnerable species. Geographically isolated populations have been affected by poaching and habitat fragmentation, leading to local extinctions ... Our study revealed that Central American brocket deer selected places with specific characteristics to rest, at both microhabitat and landscape scales...
Does the interface with plantation forests provide suitable habitat for axis deer (Axis axis) to avoid systematic hunting pressure in a protected area of north-eastern Argentina? 2022, European Journal of Wildlife
... Axis deer (Axis axis), an introduced invasive species of growing concern around the globe, have rapidly expanded through the southern cone countries in South America. Despite increasing culling efforts over 14 years, axis deer remained abundant at El Palmar National Park in north-eastern Argentina... These results indicate that, in El Palmar National Park interface, plantation forests do not provide a refuge or selected habitat, and suggest instead that the environmental characteristics and diversity of habitats within the protected area are relevant for the effectiveness of the exotic ungulate management program...
Deer Rescue in Tuscany: Retrospective Analysis and Assessment of Radiography Diagnoses 2021, Animals
... Animal-vehicle collisions are the major cause of rescue and need for hospitalization in wildlife referral centers... The main reason for hospitalization was traumatic lesions due to vehicle collisions and 71.1% of the animals did not survive. Radiography was more useful in patients with traumatic axial skeletal lesions and/or multiple traumas with respect to traumatic appendicular skeleton lesions...
The Fossil Record of Continental Fossil Deer (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Greece
A Athanassiou - Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2, 2022
... The paleontological research during the last 160 years in Greece has recovered continental deer fossils from at least 100 localities, which span geochronologically from the late Miocene to the end of the Pleistocene ... Despite their comparatively scarce representation in the fossil faunas, the cervids became more common in time periods with cooler climate, like during the Late Pleistocene...
Isolation and Purification of a New Bacillus Subtilis Strain from Deer Dung with Anti-microbial and Anti-cancer Activities - Current Medical Science, 2021
... Our study focused on a new strain of Bacillus isolated from deer dung... Our results suggest that Bacillus subtilis NC16 can not only degrade cellulose, but its metabolites may be sources of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs...
Habitat destruction, illegal hunting threat Persian red deer August 24, 2021 Iran, Tehran Times
... as a result of road construction, the deer population is fragmented and its habitat is limited ... drought, and low rainfall have naturally limited the habitat ...
Declining deer population likely due to natural regulation May 31, 2021 Japan, Mirage News
...Scientists have shown that the population of the Yakushima sika deer has declined due to natural factors, suggesting that the population can be regulated without culling ... a subspecies of the Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon), evolved without natural predators on the island of Yakushima ...
Human-driven genetic differentiation in a managed red deer population March, 2021, Journal of Wildlife Research
... Substantial genetic differentiation between areas can be associated with the presence of landscape barriers hindering gene flow, but also with the maintenance of ‘red deer–free’ areas. Efforts to sustainably preserve the genetic diversity of the entire region should therefore focus on measures ensuring genetic connectivity...
How Ancient 'Deer' Lost Their Legs and Became Whales March 19, 2021
Discover Magazine
... The largest animals that have ever existed on our planet descended from a miniature deer-like creature that walked on four legs in the swamps of ancient India... just 50 million years ago ...
An isolated white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population on St. John, US Virgin Islands shows low inbreeding and comparable heterozygosity to other larger populations, Ecology and Evolution, 2021
... To explain the level of heterozygosity and level of inbreeding within the St. John population, three hypotheses are proposed, including the effect of intrinsic biological traits within the population, a recent infusion of highly heterogeneous loci from North American populations, and a consistent level of immigration from a nearby island...
Hair growth promoting effect of bioactive extract from deer antler velvet-loaded niosomes and microspicules serum International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2021
... Deer antler velvet (DAV) extract is important in stimulating the growth of skin and hair cells...
Hear the call of the wild: Tracking deer movements by sound January 28, 2021 Japan, Phys.org
... keeping track of the deer population has been a difficult ... by setting up a grid of listening stations, we are able to triangulate the position of each deer with precision and track its movements ...
Velvet Antler Methanol Extracts Ameliorate Parkinson's Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: From C. elegans to Mice January, 2021, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
... we try to dissect the pharmacology of methanol extracts (MEs) of velvet antler on Parkinson’s disease ... methanol extracts ... prevented MPTP-induced neuron loss in the substantia nigra and improved the behavioral rotating rod performance in MPTP-treated mice ...
Anti-tumour activity of deer growing antlers and its potential applications in the treatment of malignant gliomas January, 2021
Scientific Reports
... A recent study showed that antlers have evolved a high rate of growth due to the expression of proto-oncogenes and that they have also evolved to express several tumour suppressor genes to control the risk of cancer. This may explain why deer antler velvet (DAV) extract shows anti-tumour activity...
Minimising mortalities in capturing wildlife: refinement of helicopter darting of chital deer (Axis axis) in Australia JO Hampton, M Amos, A Pople, M Brennan… - Wildlife Research
... One-third of all 15 mortalities occurred at the time of capture and were attributed to ballistic trauma from dart impact and acute capture myopathy. The majority (n = 10) of mortalities, however, occurred post-release and were only detected by mortality-sensing GPS location collars. These post-release mortalities were attributed to capture myopathy...
Chernobyl: Why the nuclear disaster was an accidental environmental success December 19, 2020 Euronews
... The Exclusion Zone now covers an area of around 2,800 sq km and is, perhaps unsurprisingly, one of the most radioactively contaminated areas in the world... the biodiversity of the area has increased rapidly over the past three decades ... researchers have found that boar, elk, and roe deer populations boomed in the 10 years following the disaster...
Dental treatment for a European red tail deer. RI Nedelea, A Toma, A Mărincuş - Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences …, 2020
... She was biting cold, metal objects, obviously to calm her dental pain. Our approach aimed to re-establish the biological and physiological balance of the oral cavity. A thorough general exam was performed for differential diagnosis. Oral examination revealed an aggressive periodontal disease. Surgical extractions were the only possible treatment. One year follow up is good, changing the prognosis from a reserved one into very good...
Predation risk increases intraspecific heterogeneity in white-tailed deer diel activity patterns
DA Crawford, LM Conner, G Morris, MJ Cherry - Behavioral Ecology, 2020
... All groups maintained different diel activity patterns in safe and risky areas. Unconstrained by predation risk, all groups behaved more similarly, and interspecific group overlap was greater in the predator exclusion plots than control plots...
Policy implications of an expanded chronic wasting disease universe October, 2020,
A Mysterud, SL Benestad, CM Rolandsen, J Våge - Journal of Applied Ecology
... The annual harvest of approximately 4 million cervids in Europe each year generates considerable cultural and economic value. ‘Stamping out’ policies would be inefficient and inappropriate to control diseases with no horizontal transmission among live animals, and banning the export of meat from a region after detection of a positively tested animal would make little sense in the case of sporadic disease. The novel type of chronic wasting disease (CWD) with epidemiological characteristics clearly different from ‘classical’ and contagious CWD calls for differentiated management strategies to avoid unnecessarily invasive actions...
An isolated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population shows unexpected heterozygosity on St. John, US Virgin Islands S Nelson, S Taylor, A McKinley, J Reuter - Authorea Preprints, 2020
... The island population was founded by a small number of animals, has very limited hunting or predation, and recently experienced a reduction in size following an extended drought in 2015... Heterozygosity was similar to the other studies (0.54) with little evidence of inbreeding. To explain the level of heterogygosity and lack of
inbreeding within the St. John population, three hypotheses are proposed, including the effect of intrinsic biological traits within the population, a recent infusion of highly heterogeneous loci from North American populations, and a consistent level of immigration from a nearby island. ...
Design of a universal primer pair for the identification of deer species L Xie, Y Deng, X Shao, P Hu, D Zhao, C Li, H Ba - Conservation Genetics Resources, 2020
... we designed a novel universal deer-specific PCR primer pair based on an evolutionarily conservative coding sequence (i.e., CEP295NL gene) across some deer species... Validation results showed that it can be utilized to develop a reliable and simple diagnostic tool for distinguishing other closely related species, as well as possibly interspecific identification amongst cervids...
Seasonal variation in herd composition of the Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in a forest-grassland mosaic habitat of southern Taiwan YJ Liang, X Kuo, AJ Giordano, KJC Pei - Global Ecology and Conservation, 2020
... The Formosan sika deer was declared extinct in the wild in Taiwan around 1969. In 1994, a series of reintroductions was initiated in Taiwan’s Kenting National Park. Today a wild population is established in the core area of the Park ... Overall, we found sexual segregation was present in the Formosan sika deer largely driven by sex-based differences in habitat preference, and the non-random assortment of sexes in response to their reproductive status...
An estimation of density and population size for Eld's deer in the Xonnabouly Eld's deer sanctuary, Lao PDR T Khotpathoom, TT Vu - Mammalia, 2020
... Eld’s deer (Rucervus eldi) was once thought to be extinct in the wild in Lao PDR. In early 2000, however, conservationists discovered that they still exist in Savannakhet Province ... We estimated the total number of Eld’s deer in the surveyed area of the Xonnabouly Eld’s Deer Sanctuary to be 173 (95% CI: 99–305)...
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) reported in Norway reindeer September 13, 2020 Pink
... This is the first case of classical CWD in reindeer identified outside the Nordfjella zone 1, where the disease was first detected in 2016...
Analysis of muntjac deer genome and chromatin architecture reveals rapid karyotype evolution September, 2020 Nature
... Closely related muntjac deer show striking karyotype differences... A few genes involved in chromosome maintenance show evidence for rapid evolution, possibly associated with the dramatic changes in karyotype...
Techniques for Research in Deer Antlers, the Sole Mammalian Organ which undergoes Epimorphic Regeneration C Li - J Regen Biol Med, 2020
... During the course of nearly four decades of antler research, we developed a number of techniques specifically for carrying out the investigation of deer antler biology ...if these techniques are adopted in the antler research field, it would greatly facilitate the progress for revealing the mechanisms of antler development, and ultimately benefit regenerative medicine in general...
Effects of aerial 1080 operations on deer populations in New Zealand GA Morriss, JP Parkes, G Nugent - New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 2020
... Overall, 42%, 38% and 20% of operations were classed as having low (0 to 33%), moderate (34 to 66%) or high (67 to 100%) impacts on deer populations, respectively. Adult males were found dead less often than adult females and all other age/sex classes, suggesting that by-kill risk might sometimes be inversely related to body size...
Climate change: Spring is starting too early for deer June 30, 2020 esa.org
... This results in changes to the food supply during critical periods of the fawns’ growth. Deer populations at lower altitudes are particularly affected, according to a study by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL...
Tuning oral-bait delivery strategies for red deer in Mediterranean ecosystems
J Martinez-Guijosa, L Casades-Marti… - European Journal of Wildlife …, 2020
... Our results show that alfalfa baits are the least palatable but the most deer-selective type of bait, whereas feed and molasses baits are highly palatable but low specific (mean bait consumption rates on the ground were 0.811, 0.949, and 0.955, respectively). The appropriate season for oral treatments using alfalfa baits both on the ground and in deer feeders is late summer (mean bait consumption rate on the ground for alfalfa-based baits was 0.939 in summer period). These results indicate that alfalfa baits are sufficiently palatable and specific in summer for them to be an efficient means to deliver treatments to red deer in Mediterranean ecosystems...
Deer were domesticated a thousand years earlier than previously thought June 13, 2020, FREE NEWS
... in northern Siberia, Robert Lozi and his team discovered a number of artifacts that are apparently associated with reindeer teams. Radiocarbon dating established an age of about 2000 years. About this writes the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory...
Ecological drivers of group size variation in sika deer: habitat structure, population density, or both? June, 2020, Japan, H Takada, A Washida
... We found that deer group size was larger in open habitats than closed forests and increased with population density, and population density and habitat type had a synergistic effect on group size. There was greater density effect in open habitats, while the density effect was very weak in closed forests...
Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry J Carranza, J Pérez-Barbería, C Mateos, S Alarcos… - Scientific Reports, 2020
... Males living with rivals grew larger antlers than males living in a female environment, which corroborates the results found in the wild populations. As far as we know, these results show, for the first time, the modulation of a sexual trait and its costs on longevity conditional upon the level of intra-sexual competition...
Safe Use of Butorphanol–Azaperone–Medetomidine to Immobilize Free‐Ranging White‐tailed Deer JR McDermott, W Leuenberger, CA Haymes… - Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2020
... Butorphanol–Azaperone–Medetomidine (BAM) is a relatively new drug mixture compounded for the past decade to immobilize mammals, particularly ungulates... we found that BAM was an efficacious and safe drug to use on white‐tailed deer captured by a variety of trapping methods...
Heat stress reduces growth rate of red deer calf: Climate warming implications
FJ Pérez-Barbería, AJ García, J Cappelli… - Plos one, 2020
... By weaning (day 143) calves growing under low heat stress environment grew up to 1.2 kg heavier than those growing in high heat stress environment, and males were more affected by heat stress than females. The results have implications in animal welfare, geographical clines in body size and adaptation to climate change...
Deer tongue tissue-derived cells are a novel type of cells that possess characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells J Lee, N Gu, S Lee, Y Lee, B Hyun - Cytotherapy, 2020
... The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into lineage specific tissue types ... Deer MSCs have been isolated from antler and bone marrow...
Testosterone and the dark ventral patch of male red deer: the role of the social environment
E de la Peña, J Martín, I Barja, J Carranza - The Science of Nature, 2020
... Only in populations where the operational sex ratio was high (i.e. high proportion of rival males), individuals with high levels of testosterone developed the sex trait. Conversely, when mate competition was low, there was no significant relationship between testosterone level and trait size. This result reinforces the idea that the effect of testosterone in promoting the development of sex traits may be mediated by the intensity of mate competition in the population, as well as the role of sexual selection in the evolution of the dark ventral patch in red deer...
Deer blood effectively improved clinical signs of anaemia in a rodent model
X Qi, H Zhao, Y Shang, Y Xu, M Yao, C Wang, P Hu… - Animal Production Science, 2020
... Results showed that both groups DB (deer blood)-mid and DB-high showed significantly increased iron concentrations in the three organs including liver, spleen and kidney of the rats, compared with all other groups, including the positive-control group. We believe our study has opened a new avenue for the development of DB as a drug to treat IDA in clinics.
Trends of Wild Ungulate Population Dynamics in Russia AA Danilkin - Biology Bulletin, 2019
... the actual population size is increasing steadily for most species, including the elk, European and Siberian roe deer, red deer, sika deer, and reindeer, regardless of the “trophiclimatic” forecast ...
Climate Change Is Making Deer Evolve to Give Birth Earlier in the Year, Scientists Discover November 6, 2019 Newsweek
... According to a study published in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, these deer—which live on the Isle of Rum just off Scotland's west coast—have experienced genetic changes that have contributed to the animals having children nearly two weeks earlier over the course of the past four decades...
Habitat suitability model with maximum entropy approach for European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Black Sea Region O Evcin, O Kucuk, E Akturk - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019
... European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the smallest species of cervids and has a widespread distribution in Turkey. In this study, two habitat suitability models of roe deers, living in the Black Sea Region in Turkey, were created by using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach.''
Exclusion of large herbivores affects understorey shrub vegetation more than herb vegetation across 147 forest sites in three German regions D Schäfer, D Prati, P Schall, C Ammer, M Fischer - PloS one, 2019
... In forests with high relative conifer cover, large-herbivore exclusion decreased species richness and cover of herbs and increased Shannon diversity of herbs and shrubs, while in forests with low relative conifer cover large-herbivore exclusion increased species richness and cover of herbs, and decreased Shannon diversity of herbs and shrubs...
J Poutanen, J Pusenius, M Wikström, JE Brommer - Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2019
... using non-invasive DNA collection within a spatial capture–recapture (SCR) framework... Although we found that SCR based on faecal DNA can provide pre-harvest density estimates of the white-tailed deer, the approach is not without challenges ...
Integrating data from different survey types for population monitoring of an endangered species: the case of the Eld’s deer May 23, 2019 Nature
... Despite its value for conservation decision-making, we lack information on population abundances for most species ... We built a Bayesian hierarchical model that combined different survey data of the endangered Eld’s deer in Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) in Myanmar ... widespread application for estimating species’ abundances ...
Use of aerial thermography to reduce mortality of roe deer fawns before harvest May 10, 2019 PeerJ
... thousands of young wild animals killed every year... mostly by agricultural fieldworks during spring harvest... searching for fawns with a thermal imaging device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)... thermo-camera is very reliable in finding fawns in early morning hours ...
Wild red deer contribute to the preservation of open landscapes May 9, 2019 Germany, EurekAlert!
... "Our results could give an impetus to ... enable red deer to use open landscapes all day for foraging ... n this way, a contribution can be made to the conservation of semi-natural open land habitats and at the same time the risk of damage from red deer in commercial forests can be reduced," ... [published in the Journal of Applied Ecology]
Life-threatening foot disease found in endangered huemul deer in Chile April 17, 2019 Phys.org
... published April 17 in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers found foot lesions in 24 huemul deer in Chile's Bernardo O'Higgins National Park between 2005 and 2010. The park remains one of the few strongholds for the species, which lives in the rugged mountainous terrain of southern Argentina and Chile...
The extinction of the giant deer Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach): New radiocarbon evidence AM Lister, AJ Stuart - Quaternary International, 2019
... The pattern of distributional changes leading to the Holocene restriction of giant deer populations strongly suggests environmental causation, but a contribution of human hunting to the extirpation of terminal populations cannot be ruled out ...
Fragmentation of lead-free and lead-based hunting rifle bullets under real life hunting conditions in Germany AL Trinogga, A Courtiol, O Krone - Ambio, 2019
...Under normal German hunting conditions, the use of lead-based bullets causes a broad contamination of the carcass and the viscera with bullet material. The wide-spread substitution of lead-based bullets through non-lead alternatives should therefore be further encouraged...
Toxin 1080 killed 90 per cent of deer, new Molesworth study finds March 27, 2019 New Zealand, Stuff.co.nz
... An aerial drop of the toxin 1080 killed about 90 per cent of deer in two separate operations in the South Island... Tony Orman said 1080 was a "cruel ... and inhumane poison" that should be banned...
More deer encountered after 1080 drops March 24, 2019 New Zealand, Stuff.co.nz
... They also encountered and saw the same numbers of deer in 1080 drop zones as they did in zones where 1080 was not dropped... reported Walker and colleagues in a new paper in the peer-reviewed NZ Journal of Ecology...
Climate change effects on deer and moose in the midwest SR Weiskopf, OE Ledee, LM Thompson - The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2019
... Warmer temperatures and decreasing snowpack in the region favor survival of white‐tailed deer. In contrast, moose may become physiologically stressed in response to warming ... projections suggest that deer populations will increase in response to climate change and moose populations will decrease...
Ungulates in the city: light pollution and open habitats predict the probability of roe deer occurring in an urban environment M Ciach, A Fröhlich - Urban Ecosystems, 2019
... logistic regression model revealed that an increasing area of open habitats was positively correlated with the probability of roe deer occurring. However, the artificial lighting at night was negatively correlated with the probability of the species occurring ...
Population responses of naive roe deer to the recolonization of the French Vercors by wolves M Randon, C Bonenfant, J Michallet, T Chevrier… - bioRxiv, 2019
...Both populations of roe deer strongly dropped after an extremely severe winter but the population of the central area facing with wolves was slower to recover (due to a much lower growth rate the following year) and remained at lower abundance levels for 5 years. Fawn body mass was lower in the central area during that period and was not influenced by weather conditions or population abundance. The browsing index in the forests in presence of wolves decreased for a longer period ...
Impact of winter enclosures on the gut bacterial microbiota of red deer in the Bavarian Forest National Park S Menke, M Heurich, M Henrich, K Wilhelm, S Sommer - Wildlife Biology, 2019
... To mitigate this human–wildlife conflict, conservation management in central Europe involves luring red deer into fenced winter-feeding sites. The supplementary food provided in these so-called winter enclosures strongly differs from the natural diet of red deer... We detected sequences with high similarities to known red deer pathogens in both study groups, but their relative abundances were low, which suggests that the population of red deer of the Bavarian Forest National Park is healthy...
Determination of resource based stocking density of wild ungulates living in the floating meadows of Keibul Lamjao National Park, India C Tuboi, SA Hussain - Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018
... The best available areas of the park having 864.29 ha, can support 170.41 ± 11.4 Eld's deer and 319.36 ± 22.94 hog deer or 17,356.38 ± 912.02 kg of ungulate biomass with a maximum of 173.6 ± 4.21 Eld's deer and 325.46 ± 9.45 hog deer or 17,684.56 ± 697.3 kg of ungulate biomass in the monsoon season... In similar resource constraint habitat, this study will be helpful in determining the optimal stocking density for the science based management of rangelands, especially for the conservation of wild grazers.
Why ‘Vampire Deer’ Have Fangs, While Other Hoofed Mammals Have Horns November 15, 2018 Discover Magazine
... The species in which males’ canines were enlarged into tusks were much more likely to be small-bodied and to live solitary lifestyles ... findings Nov. 9 in the Journal of Mammalian Evolution...
Genetic analysis of endangered hog deer (Axis porcinus) reveals two distinct lineages from the Indian subcontinent SK Gupta, A Kumar, S Angom, B Singh, MGU Ghazi… - Scientific Reports, 2018
... after a long phase of historic demographic stability, the populations of both the lineages of hog deer suffered pronounced declines during the period from ~800 years BP to 5000 years BP...
Deer Antlers Couldn’t Grow So Fast Without These Genes October 30, 2018 New York, The New York Times
... researchers say they have identified the two genes primarily responsible for antler regeneration in one species, red deer. The study, reported Tuesday in the Journal of Stem Cell Research and Therapy, notes that these genes are also found in humans, potentially opening new avenues of research into bone trauma and diseases...
Mule deer forage availability and quality at the Chihuahuan Desert rangelands, Mexico after a severe three-year drought [PDF} MP Olivas-Sánchez, C Vital-García, JP Flores-Margez… - Cogent Biology, 2018
... Mule deer historic range in Mexico has declined dramatically in the last decade... Our results suggest that forage is appropriate to sustain mule deer populations, however, we found considerable variation in both localities suggesting a patchy landscape...
Radio marking the first group of endangered Patagonian huemul deer in Argentina
WT Flueck, JM Smith-Flueck - J Neotrop Mammal, 2018
... In Argentina, 350-500 endangered huemul remain. Huemul were radio-collared in Chubut during six winter days... Of marked huemul, 86% presented clinical pathologies, best explained by restriction to marginal if not sink areas, or ecological traps...
Grazing by free-ranging red deer: effective management for semi-natural grassland conservation? F Riesch, B Tonn, M Meissner, J Isselstein - … of the 27th General Meeting of the …, 2018
... How to maintain open habitats is a critical question for nature conservation, especially if the area of concern is large and difficult to access. Central to preventing natural succession and maintaining protected grasslands is the removal of biomass, which can be successfully achieved by livestock grazing... Red deer grazing could reach biomass removal rates comparable to those in extensive livestock grazing systems...
India’s dancing deer and their unique floating home are under threat July 31, 2018 Mongabay
... One of the largest of these floating island meadows is the last natural refuge of the rare sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii), also called the brow-antlered or dancing deer. But these floating habitats, locally called phumdis, are losing ground to mushrooming agricultural practices and human settlements, a new study published in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Determination of the big mammals migration corridors in the particular areas using remotely-operating intelligent camera system S Matuska, R Hudec, M Benco, P Kamencay - 2018 ELEKTRO, 2018
... Large mammals free movement through the large areas is fundamental element of the healthy mammals ecosystem. The migrations keep the balance between animal populations, maintain sufficient genetic diversity or prevent the temporary lack of food. With the growing rate of transportation, urbanization and industrialization across the all countries, the barriers in the countrysides are created. Because of these barriers, the natural migration corridors of big mammals are endangered ... The information about mammals movement, movement trajectory and time in the scene are send to the master and stored in the database. The system uses the algorithm of computer vision to automatically classify appropriate animal species for moving mammals ...
Use of track counts and camera traps to estimate the abundance of roe deer in North-Eastern Italy: are they effective methods? T Romani, C Giannone, E Mori, S Filacorda - Mammal Research, 2018
... drive count and vantage point count estimates (i.e. counts by hunters) have been reported to be the most effective to assess deer densities in woodlands, but they require a high volunteer human presence, which limit their feasibility. Results of count by hunters were thus compared with estimates obtained through camera trapping and track counts... Track-count survey was shown to be—with equal effectiveness—the cheapest method to infer roe deer density in forest areas (i.e. near 28% cheaper than camera trapping). ...
Neanderthals collaborated on spear-hunts 120,000 years ago June 24, 2018 Cosmos
... Forensic analysis of a pair of 120,000-year-old deer skeletons shows that Neanderthals used wooden spears to kill prey. The findings, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, constitute the earliest unambiguous evidence of spear-hunting by hominins...
Effects of population structure and density on calf sex ratio in red deer (Cervus elaphus)—implications for management SG Vetter, W Arnold - European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2018
... We found that the proportion of females among calves increased with population density. Furthermore, we found that calf sex ratio (i.e. the proportion males among calves aged between 2 and 7 months) increased with increasing proportions of adult females and males older than 10 years, independent of the density effect...
While males fight, females choose: male phenotypic quality informs female mate choice in mammals DL Morina, S Demarais, BK Strickland, JE Larson - Animal Behaviour, 2018
...Using various behavioural indications of female choice, we demonstrate that females prefer males with large antlers to those with small antlers. Because antler size is heritable in deer, this female preference for larger antlers may be adaptive by increasing the reproductive success of her male offspring. Our unique antler manipulation study supports the armament-ornament model where male weapons can simultaneously serve as ornaments to females and weapons in male–male competition ...
Late Pleistocene Deer in the Region of the National Park “Serra da Capivara”(Piauí, Brazil) AMF Valli - Quaternary, 2018
... The analysis of the cervid fossil remains from the late Pleistocene fossiliferous deposit Lagoa dos Porcos (in the region of the National Park “Serra da Capivara”, Piauí, Brazil) proves the presence of at least two species: a small deer, belonging to the genus Mazama, and a larger one (Morenelaphus sp.). The latter taxon is recognized for the first time not only in this area, but in the whole Piauí State ...
Why do migrants move downhill? The effects of increasing predation and density on red deer altitudinal migration in temperate Carpathian forests P Smolko, R Kropil, T Pataky, A Veselovská, E Merrill - Mammal Research, 2018
... Downhill migration exposed migrants to 15% lower forage availability but simultaneously reduced wolf predation risk by 39% relative to residents. Consequently, the limited access to forage resources at low-altitude ranges have reduced antler growth, especially in young males...
Sociological and ecological impacts of introduced deer populations M Mattila - 2018
... In Greece, our interviews revealed a general positive attitude of all respondents for deer presence on the study island, and in Finland approximately 90% of the respondents ‘appreciated’ having deer on their properties... The socioeconomic effects of introduced deer mostly depended on local needs and community awareness and there cannot be a generic approach to management in all situations or for all deer species; however, it is possible to manage deer not as pests but as a part of suburban habitat and culture...
Seasonal dynamics of forage for red deer in temperate forests: importance of the habitat properties, stand development stage and overstorey dynamics P Smolko, A Veselovská, R Kropil - Wildlife Biology, 2018
... Using data from 320 sampling plots, we estimated the overall availability of all forage items seasonally consumed by red deer in commercial temperate forests and identified the main factors affecting forage availability in summer and winter. We found that cutblocks were the most productive habitats throughout the year irrespective of the site quality. Summer forage biomass peaked at ≈8 years and winter forage biomass at ≈10 years following felling, then slowly declined as the cutblocks aged and the canopy increased. Understorey vegetation production in mature forests was determined primarily by light availability ...
Single-cell transcriptome of antler stem cells from antlerogenic periosteum [PDF]
H Ba, D Wang, W Wu, H Sun, C Li - bioRxiv, 2018
... Our results provide the first comprehensive transcriptome dataset at the
single-cell level for ASCs, which may hold the key to unveil the secrets about why
antlers are the only mammalian organ to fully regenerate...
Genetic diversity, genetic structure and diet of ancient and contemporary red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from north-eastern France. A Schnitzler, J Granado, O Putelat, RM Arbogast… - PloS one, 2018
... In north-eastern France, red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) populations were rebuilt from a few hundred individuals, which have subsisted in remote valleys of the Vosges mountains, and to a lesser extent from individuals escaped from private enclosures; at present times, this species occupies large areas, mainly in the Vosges Mountains... Modern haplotype patterns support the historical record that red deer has been exposed to strong anthropogenic influences as a major game species...
More in the International Research Archive
Report abuse